基于社会网络的虚拟社区知识共享研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 06:34

本文选题：虚拟社区 + 知识共享　；参考：《东华大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：在知识经济时代,知识这种无形资源正逐步取代传统的有形资源(如土地、自然资源、资本和劳动力等)成为推动社会进步的关键因素,“知识就是力量”即是对此最好的诠释。然而大部分的组织和个人不可能拥有其所需的所有知识,而必须依赖与外界的知识共享来获取新的知识。随着互联网技术的发展和普及,人与人之间的知识共享与交流不一定需要面对面,还可以凭借各种电子媒介,形成新的网上交流空间--虚拟社区(Virtual Community)。虚拟社区这种新的交流方式使得知识的共享与传播达到了前所未有的迅捷和广度,顺应了人们迫切的知识共享与学习的需求,在短短的时间里得到了迅猛发展,引起了理论界和企业界的关注,虚拟社区的兴起被认为是知识管理研究的重要推动力。作为互联网上的交流平台,丰富的知识、热烈的讨论、及时的互动是虚拟社区繁荣发展的重要标志,如果社区内的成员积极参与知识共享,使虚拟社区成为汇集人气的空间和平台,那么他们也就会为虚拟社区经营者创造更大的利益,因此虚拟社区经营者的重要目标之一就是促进社区内成员之间的知识共享与交流。虽然虚拟社区为知识共享提供了一个便捷的交流平台,但并不是只要建了它,人们就会积极来参与共享。相对于知名社区网站,还有很多虚拟社区面临着用户参与不足、知识共享交流气氛不浓等问题,以致社区创建之后很快便走向衰落。因此,有必要研究虚拟社区中知识共享行为的形成机制与影响因素,进而探寻提高虚拟社区知识共享水平的措施。从严格意义上来说,知识并不能脱离作为其主体的人而单独存在,知识是隐藏在人脑之中的,所以知识的共享传播是通过人与人之间的交互而产生的。近年来,学者们越来越关注知识共享活动背后的人与人之间的社会关系网络,基于社会网络的知识共享研究成为新兴的研究范式。该范式从社会网络的关系和结构角度来分析知识共享行为。目前基于社会网络的知识共享研究大都是针对团队或组织的,这些研究多采用实证研究的方法通过对各种横向数据的分析研究影响知识共享行为的社会网络中的关系和结构因素。虚拟社区的虚拟性和开放性使得虚拟社区的知识共享有别于传统组织、团队中的知识共享,有其特殊性。虚拟社区中知识共享的过程和特点有待进一步的探讨分析,同时,虚拟社区中成员间的社会关系也有别于传统组织或团队中的社会关系,其社会网络的结构和对知识共享的影响作用也有待于进一步探究。本文正是基于以上背景,在前人的研究基础上结合社会网络理论、知识共享理论和公共物品理论,运用社会网络分析、统计分析方法和软件工具,结合对一个专业虚拟社区的实证分析开展基于社会网络的虚拟社区中的知识共享研究。论文的主要研究内容包括： (1)基于社会网络的虚拟社区知识共享研究理论框架的建立。从虚拟社区与传统社区的对比分析得出了虚拟社区的特点,进而对虚拟社区中的知识共享过程进行分析与阐述,总结了虚拟社区中的知识共享相对于传统的组织知识共享的特点,并对虚拟社区中的知识共享水平的衡量提出了量化的方法；最后,从社会网络的视角分析了虚拟社区中成员间的人际互动关系和知识关系两种关系对知识共享行为的影响。 (2)虚拟社区知识共享网络模型的建立。在前述理论框架的基础上,对虚拟社区中的知识共享网络进行分析建模,并从理论上分析了两种关系间的相关性,然后结合前面虚拟社区知识共享的过程和特点分析,从虚拟社区中知识的公共物品特性分析入手,将虚拟社区的知识共享行为看作是产生社区公共知识的集体行动,从理论上分析了虚拟社区知识共享行为的形成机制,结合实证分析对虚拟社区知识共享网络的结构模式和两种关系之间的相关性进行了解析和验证。 (3)虚拟社区中知识共享网络的演化和对知识共享的影响分析。首先运用社会网络分析软件工具对知识共享网络中两种关系的联结强度、节点度、网络密度、网络中心性、互惠指数等关系和网络结构指标在各个时期的演化进行了分析,并与各个时期该社区的知识共享水平进行对比,通过对各个时期的知识共享网络中的关系和结构指标与社区知识共享水平之间的相关性分析揭示了知识共享网络的关系和结构对虚拟社区知识共享的数量和质量的影响和作用。 (4)虚拟社区知识共享支持策略的研究。从虚拟社区知识寻求者的支持与培养、个性化的知识共享技术支持、虚拟社区核心成员的发展与培养三个方面探讨了虚拟社区的知识共享支持问题。本研究的创新点可以概括为以下几点： (1)建立了融合人际互动关系和知识关系的虚拟社区知识共享网络模型。在基于社会网络的虚拟社区知识共享研究中,同时考虑和分析了人际互动关系和知识关系两种关系对知识共享的影响,而在已有的研究中大多只研究了一种关系的影响。 (2)提出从纵向的、动态的视角研究社区成员关系与网络结构对虚拟社区知识共享水平的影响。本研究考虑到虚拟社区的虚拟性和开放性,运用纵向的历史数据展现了虚拟社区知识共享网络的演化和社区知识共享水平的变化,从中发现知识共享网络的关系和网络结构对虚拟社区知识共享的影响和作用,属于动态的分析。而现有的关于社会网络对知识共享的影响研究大多是假定社会关系和网络结构是不变的,属于横向的静态的分析,这一假设不适合于虚拟社区这种高度动态变化的网络。 (3)结合社区知识的公共物品特性对虚拟社区知识共享网络结构和知识共享行为形成机制的分析,而已有的研究中还未见有对虚拟社区中的知识的公共物品特性的分析。 (4)提出个性化的虚拟社区知识共享支持系统框架。结合社区成员的知识关系与人际互动关系提出了个性化的知识共享支持系统框架以提高虚拟社区的知识共享效率和水平。本研究是对当前知识共享和社会网络领域的理论与应用研究的发展和补充,为虚拟社区中的知识共享研究提出了一个新的研究视角,具有重要的理论价值,同时研究结果也对如何提高虚拟社区知识共享效果和活跃社区人气,使社区成员能更多地从中获益和为其经营者创造更大的价值具有一定的参考价值,具有重要的实践意义。为了从纵向的、动态的角度研究虚拟社区中的知识共享问题,本研究通过网页抓取软件抓取了一个有代表性的专业论坛型虚拟社区--ChinaASP从2001年7月至2011年6月底跨度为10年的历史数据,数据完整地展现了随着该社区的发展其知识共享网络的演化和知识共享水平的变化过程,为本研究提供了完备的实证数据基础。
[Abstract]:In the era of knowledge economy, the intangible resource of knowledge is gradually replacing the traditional tangible resources (such as land, natural resources, capital and labor) as the key factor to promote social progress. "Knowledge is power" is the best interpretation. However, most of the groups and individuals can not have all the knowledge they need. We must rely on knowledge sharing with the outside world to acquire new knowledge.
With the development and popularization of Internet technology, knowledge sharing and communication between people does not necessarily need face-to-face, and can also rely on various electronic media to form a new online communication space - Virtual Community (Virtual Community). This new way of communication makes the sharing and dissemination of knowledge unprecedented fast. And breadth, which conforms to the urgent needs of knowledge sharing and learning, and has developed rapidly in a short period of time. It has attracted the attention of both the theoretical and the business circles. The rise of the virtual community is regarded as an important driving force for the research of knowledge management.
As an exchange platform on the Internet, rich knowledge, heated discussion, and timely interaction are an important symbol of the prosperity and development of the virtual community. If the members of the community actively participate in the sharing of knowledge and make the virtual community a space and platform for the collection of people, they will also create greater benefits for the virtual community operators. One of the important goals of the virtual community operator is to promote knowledge sharing and communication among the members of the community. Although virtual communities provide a convenient communication platform for knowledge sharing, but not as long as it is built, people will actively participate in the sharing. There are many virtual communities facing users. It is necessary to study the formation mechanism and influence factors of knowledge sharing behavior in virtual communities, and then explore measures to improve the level of knowledge sharing in virtual communities.
In the strict sense, knowledge can not exist separately from the person who is the main body. Knowledge is hidden in the human brain. So the sharing of knowledge is produced through the interaction between people. In recent years, scholars have paid more and more attention to the social relations network between people and people after knowledge sharing activities, based on society. The knowledge sharing research of the network has become a new research paradigm. This paradigm analyzes knowledge sharing behavior from the perspective of social network's relationship and structure.
At present, most of the research on knowledge sharing based on social networks is aimed at teams or organizations. These studies use empirical research methods to study the relationships and structural factors in social networks that affect knowledge sharing behavior through the analysis of various horizontal data. The virtual community's virtual and open nature makes the knowledge sharing of the virtual community. Different from the traditional organization, the knowledge sharing in the team has its particularity. The process and characteristics of knowledge sharing in the virtual community need to be further discussed and analyzed. At the same time, the social relations among the members of the virtual community are different from the social relations in the traditional organization or the team, and the structure of the social network and the influence on the knowledge sharing also exist. It needs to be further explored.
Based on the above background, this paper, on the basis of previous research, combines social network theory, knowledge sharing theory and public goods theory, using social network analysis, statistical analysis methods and software tools, and combining the empirical analysis of a professional virtual community to carry out the knowledge sharing research in the virtual community based on social network. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1) the establishment of the theoretical framework of knowledge sharing research in virtual community based on social network. The characteristics of virtual community are obtained from the comparison and analysis of the virtual community with the traditional community, and then the knowledge sharing process in the virtual community is analyzed and elaborated, and the knowledge sharing in the virtual community is summarized relative to the traditional organizational knowledge sharing. It also presents a quantitative method for measuring the level of knowledge sharing in the virtual community. Finally, from the perspective of the social network, the influence of the two relationships among the members of the virtual community on the knowledge sharing behavior is analyzed.
(2) the establishment of the virtual community knowledge sharing network model. On the basis of the previous theoretical framework, the knowledge sharing network in the virtual community is analyzed and modeled, and the correlation between the two kinds of relationships is analyzed theoretically. Then, the knowledge sharing of the virtual community is combined with the process and characteristics of the knowledge sharing in the virtual community, and the knowledge public goods from the virtual community are analyzed. On the basis of characteristic analysis, the knowledge sharing behavior of virtual community is regarded as a collective action to produce community public knowledge. The formation mechanism of knowledge sharing behavior in virtual community is analyzed theoretically, and the relationship between the structure pattern of virtual community knowledge sharing network and the correlation between the two kinds of customs system is analyzed and verified by the empirical analysis.
(3) the evolution of the knowledge sharing network in the virtual community and the analysis of the influence on the knowledge sharing. First, we use the social network analysis software tools to analyze the connection strength of the two relationships in the knowledge sharing network, the degree of node, the network density, the network centrality, the reciprocity index, and the evolution of the network structure index in each period. Compared with the level of knowledge sharing in the community at various times, this paper reveals the influence and effect of the relationship and structure of the knowledge sharing network on the quantity and quality of the knowledge sharing of the virtual community through the correlation analysis between the relationship and the structure index and the level of community knowledge sharing in the knowledge sharing network of each period.
(4) the research on the support strategy of virtual community knowledge sharing. From the support and training of the virtual community knowledge seekers, the personalized knowledge sharing technology support, the development and training of the core members of the virtual community, the knowledge sharing support of the virtual community is discussed.
The innovations of this study can be summarized as follows:
(1) a virtual community knowledge sharing network model which combines interpersonal interaction and knowledge relations is established. In the study of knowledge sharing in virtual community based on social network, the influence of two relationships between interpersonal interaction and knowledge relationship on knowledge sharing is considered and analyzed, and a kind of relationship is mostly studied in the existing research. Influence.
(2) to study the influence of community membership and network structure on the level of knowledge sharing in virtual communities from a longitudinal and dynamic perspective. This study, taking into account the virtual and open nature of the virtual community, uses the longitudinal historical data to show the evolution of the virtual community knowledge sharing network and the changes in the level of community knowledge sharing. The influence and effect of knowledge sharing network and network structure on the knowledge sharing of virtual community is dynamic analysis. The current research on the influence of social network on knowledge sharing is that the social relationship and network structure are invariable and belong to horizontal static analysis. This hypothesis is not suitable for the virtual community. A highly dynamic network.
(3) an analysis of the structure of the network structure and the mechanism of knowledge sharing behavior in the virtual community is analyzed with the characteristics of the public goods of community knowledge, and there has not been an analysis of the characteristics of the public goods in the virtual community.
(4) the framework of personalized virtual community knowledge sharing support system is proposed. The framework of personalized knowledge sharing support system is proposed in order to improve the efficiency and level of knowledge sharing in virtual communities.
This research is a development and supplement to the theoretical and application research in the field of knowledge sharing and social network. It has put forward a new research perspective for the research of knowledge sharing in the virtual community, which has important theoretical value. At the same time, the results also have the effect on how to improve the knowledge sharing effect and the community popularity in the virtual community and make the community become a community. It is of great practical significance for members to gain more from them and to create greater value for their operators.
In order to study the problem of knowledge sharing in a virtual community from a vertical, dynamic perspective, this study grabbed a representative professional forum type virtual community, --ChinaASP, spanning a history of 10 years from July 2001 to the end of June 2011. The data fully demonstrated the knowledge of the community with the development of the community. The evolution of shared network and the changing process of knowledge sharing level provide a complete empirical data base for this study.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F224;F49

【引证文献】