对列宁斯大林在建立联盟问题上分歧的再认识——兼论苏联联邦体制的问题和缺陷

发布时间：2018-05-03 18:58

本文选题：列宁 + 斯大林　；参考：《史学月刊》2013年04期

【摘要】：关于列宁和斯大林在统一各个苏维埃共和国问题上的分歧,以前流行的观点认为列宁的方案更合理,斯大林歪曲了列宁的民族政策的民主原则。随着各种材料的公布可以发现,在以联邦制的形式统一各个苏维埃共和国、对联邦制的认识上两者没有本质分歧。在格鲁吉亚事件上,实际上列宁很长一段时间站在斯大林一边;他对格鲁吉亚通过外高加索联邦加入苏联没有异议。两者的分歧主要在于各个独立的苏维埃共和国以自治共和国的身份加入俄罗斯联邦,还是俄罗斯联邦与其他各个独立的苏维埃共和国平等地加入新的联邦。他们的分歧不是原则性的,只是联合的策略和方法上的不同。实际上,列宁的联盟方案和斯大林的"自治化"方案,都只注意到了问题的一个方面而忽视了另一个方面,各自都存在着矛盾和问题。这也导致了按列宁的设想建立的联邦体制本身的问题。
[Abstract]:Regarding the differences between Lenin and Stalin on the unification of the Soviet republics, the popular view was that Lenin's plan was more reasonable, and Stalin distorted the democratic principles of Lenin's national policy. With the publication of various materials, it can be found that there are no essential differences in the understanding of federalism in unifying the Soviet republics in the form of federalism. In Georgia, Lenin actually sided with Stalin for a long time; he had no objection to Georgia's accession to the Soviet Union through Transcaucasia. The main difference between the two is whether the independent Soviet republics join the Russian Federation as autonomous republics or the Russian Federation join the new federations on an equal footing with other independent Soviet republics. Their differences are not in principle, but in terms of joint strategies and methods. As a matter of fact, Lenin's alliance program and Stalin's "autonomy" scheme only pay attention to one aspect of the problem and ignore the other, each of which has contradictions and problems. It also led to the problems of the federal system itself, as Lenin conceived it.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所;
【基金】：2011年国家社科基金(一般项目)“从苏联到俄罗斯:民族区域自治问题研究”(项目编号:11BMZ037)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K512;D751.2

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