Change in the Biomass, Enzymes Activity and Diversity of Mic

发布时间：2024-03-10 17:56

　　

【文章页数】：205 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
ACKNOWLEGMENTS
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Background information
    1 2 Main objectives
    1.3 Justification
CHAPTER-2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
    2.1 Heavy metal pollution
    2.2 Microbial properties as indicators of soil pollution
    2.3 Effect of heavy metal pollution on soil microbiological properties
        2.3.1 Soil microbial biomass
        2.3.2 Soil enzymes activities
        2.3.3 Functional diversity of soil microbial communities
        2.3.4 Structural diversity of soil microbial communities
    2.4 Development of methodological techniques to assess heavy metal affects on soil microbial communities
        2.4.1 Soil microbial biomass assay
        2.4.2 Soil enzymes assay
        2.4.3 Community level substrate utilization (CLSU)
        2.4.4 Phospholipids fatty acid analysis (PLFA)
        2.4.5 Community DNA analyses
CHAPTER-3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    3.1 Collection, preparation and storage of soil
    3.2 Experimental design
    3.3 Heavy metal application
    3.4 Soil physical analysis
        3.4.1 Soil texture
        3.4.2 Soil water-holding capacity
    3.5 Soil chemical analysis
        3.5.1 Soil pH
        3.5.2 Cation exchange capacity (CEC)
        3.5.3 Total organic carbon (TOC)
        3.5.4 Total Nitrogen
        3.5.5 Total Pb and Cd
    3.6 Soil microbiological analysis
        3.6.1 Soil microbial biomass
            3.6.1.1 Soil microbial biomass carbon (C_mic)
            3.6.1.2 Soil microbial biomass nitrogen (N_mic)
        3.6.2 Soil enzymes activity
            3.6.2.1 Dehydrogenase activity
            3.6.2.2 Urease activity
            3.6.2.3 Acid phosphatase activity
        3.6.3 Community level physiological profiling (CLPP)
        3.6.4 Soil microbial diversity
            3.6.4.1 Extraction and purification of total soil DNA
            3.6.4.2 Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) analysis
            3.6.4.3 Denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis
    3.7 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER-4 EFFECT OF LEAD AND CADMIUM ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS
    4.1 Abstract
    4.2 Introduction
    4.3 Materials and Methods
        4.3.1 Heavy metal addition
        4.3.2 Soil microbial biomass determination
        4.3.3 Statistical analysis
    4.4 Results
        4.4.1 Microbial biomass carbon (C_mic)
            4.4.1.1 Effect of Pb on microbial biomass carbon (C_mic)
            4.4.1.2 Effect of Cd on microbial biomass carbon (C_mic)
            4.4.1.3 Combined effect of Pb and Cd on microbial biomass carbon (C_mic)
        4.4.2 Microbial biomass nitrogen (N_mic)
            4.4.2.1 Effect of Pb on microbial biomass nitrogen (N_mic)
            4.4.2.2 Effect of Cd on microbial biomass nitrogen (N_mic)
            4.4.2.3 Combined effect of Pb and Cd on microbial biomass nitrogen
        4.4.3 Microbial biomass C: N ratio
            4.4.3.1 Effect of Pb on microbial biomass C: N ratio
            4.4.3.2 Effect of Cd on microbial biomass C: N ratio
            4.4.3.3 Combined effect of Pb and Cd on microbial biomass C:N ratio
    4.5 Discussion
CHAPTER-5 EFFECT OF LEAD AND CADMIUM ON SOIL ENZYMES ACTIVITY
    5.1 Abstract
    5.2 Introduction
    5.3 Materials and Methods
        5.3.1 Heavy metal addition
        5.3.2 Enzymes assays
            5.3.2.1 Soil dehydrogenase
            5.3.2.2 Soil urease
            5.3.2.3 Soil acid phosphatase
        5.3.3 Statistical analysis
    5.4 Results
        5.4.1 Dynamics of soil dehydrogenase activity
            5.4.1.1 Effect of Pb on dehydrogenase activity
            5.4.1.2 Effect of Cd on dehydrogenase activity
            5.4.1.3 Combined effect of Pb and Cd on dehydrogenase activity
        5.4.2 Dynamics of soil urease activity
            5.4.2.1 Effect of Pb on urease activity
            5.4.2.2 Effect of Cd on urease activity
            5.4.2.3 Combined effect of Pb and Cd on urease activity
        5.4.3 Dynamics of soil acid phosphatase activity
            5.4.3.1 Effect of Pb on acid phosphatase activity
            5.4.3.2 Effect of Cd on acid phosphatase activity
            5.4.3.3 Combined effect of Pb and Cd on acid phosphatase activity
    5.5 Discussion
CHAPTER-6 EFFECT OF LEAD AND CADMIUM ON FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES
    6.1 Abstract
    6.2 Introduction
    6.3 Materials and Methods
        6.3.1 Heavy metal addition
        6.3.2 Biolog ECO plate analyses
        6.3.3 Statistical analysis
    6.4 Results
        6.4.1 Effect of Pb on functional diversity of soil microbial communities
        6.4.2 Effect of Cd on functional diversity of soil microbial communities
        6.4.3 Combined effect of Pb and Cd on functional diversity of soil microbial communities
    6.5 Discussion
CHAPTER-7 EFFECT OF LEAD AND CADMIUM ON STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES
    7.1 Abstract
    7.2 Introduction
    7.3 Materials and Methods
        7.3.1 Heavy metal addition
        7.3.2 Extraction and purification of total microbial DNA from soil
        7.3.3 PCR-DGGE analysis
        7.3.4 Statistical analysis
    7.4 Results
        7.4.1 Effect of Pb on structural diversity of soil microbial communities
        7.4.2 Effect of Cd on structural diversity of soil microbial communities
        7.4.3 Combined effect of Pb and Cd on structural diversity of soil microbial communities
    7.5 Discussion
CHAPTER-8 RELATIONSHIP AMONG SOIL MICROBIOLGICAL INDICES
    8.1 Abstract
    8.2 Introduction
    8.3 Analytical Methods
    8.4 Results
        8.4.1 Relationship among soil microbiological properties
        8.4.2 Relationship among soils with different levels of Pb and Cd treatments
        8.4.3 Regressions line for soil microbiological parameters
        8.4.4 Comparison of Biolog ECO plate and PCR-DGGE results
    8.5 Discussion
CHAPTER-9 MAIN FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
ABBREVIATIONS USED
LITERATURE CITED



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