基于 15 N示踪法的常规水稻和稻鸭共生系统氮素和转移规律研究
发布时间：2023-04-20 05:48
水稻是应对全球人口增长和粮食安全需求的重要作物,中国是世界上最大的稻米生产国和消费国之一。然而,由于自然土地有限,人口不断增加,中国和许多国家正面临提高水稻产量的同时减少环境问题的双重挑战。为了应对这个挑战,许多亚洲国家,特别是日本,中国,印度,尼西亚,越南,韩国和菲律宾,建议将稻鸭共作系统纳入种植实践。与常规的水稻种植相比,稻鸭共作被认为是有机农业的一种形式。农业系统中的稻鸭共作不仅可以提高水稻产量,也能促进鸭的繁殖。稻田中的鸭子扮演着几个很重要的角色。例如,鸭子是非常强大的捕食者,捕食昆虫,杂草和小动物,如金苹果蜗牛。鸭子的活动,包括散步、游泳、进食、梳理、划桨和摩擦等,可以改善稻田微环境,防止稻米病害。鸭子的粪便进入农田系统,可以增加农田系统的养分含量,充当有机肥的角色。以前的研究中提到了常规水稻种植和稻鸭共作系统中的养分含量(氮元素),但这些研究都没有将同位素15N应用于这两个农业系统。本研究不仅强调了稻鸭共作,常规种植的共生效益,而且单独施用化肥,化肥和有机肥结合使用,化肥施用量减少30%,有机肥施用量不变。因此,除了鸭子的影响外,本研究还证明了有机肥对比化肥在田间的重要性。...
【文章页数】：120 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 General overview
1.2 Background
1.3 The importance of nitrogen in agricultural system
1.4 Basic nitrogen process in the soil-plant system
1.5 Nitrogen cycle in agricultural system
1.6 Role of nitrogen in plants
1.7 Over use chemical nitrogen as a result of serious environmental problem
1.8 N isotopes
1.9 Basic composition of rice-duck co-culture system
1.10 Effects of rice-duck co-culture on paddy field weeds
1.11 Effects of rice-duck co-culture on soil fertility and soil microbes
1.12 Stimulating effects of duck activities on rice plants
1.13 Roles and functions of ducks on crop production
1.14 Benefit analysis:Rice-duck co-culture
1.15 Mutualism benefit on the interaction between rice and duck
1.16 Aims and Hypothesis
Chapter 2 Materials and methods
2.1 Field experiment
2.1.1 Experimental site
2.1.2 Agricultural activities and sampling record in2017 and
2.1.3 Experimental design and operation
2.2 N pot experiment
2.3 Sampling and measurements
2.4 Calculations
2.5 Statistical analyses
Chapter 3 Results
3.1 N and P concentration in the first rice season(2017)
3.2 Effects of Organic Fertilizer in the Field
3.3 Yield and Yield components at Ninghe experimental farm in2017
3.4 N concentration in rice season2 (2018)
3.5 Interactive effect between duck level and treatment,year,duck level and treatment on N concentration in two consecutive rice seasons
3.6 Pot experiment with Japonica rice varieties
3.7 Total15N content
3.8 N derived from the fertilizer and from the soil
3.9 Fresh Grain15N,Husk15N Content,N Uptake,and N Use Efficiency
Chapter 4 Discussion
4.1 Effect of duck presence on rice plant growth and rice yield
4.2 Interactive effects of duck levels,treatment,and year and treatment on N concentration
4.3 Importance of Organic Fertilizer in the Field
4.4 Responses of N application on the growth of Japonica rice varieties in two soil types
4.5 Influence of Ammonium Sulfate-15N in the Field,N derived from the fertilizer and from the soil with and without duck in the field
4.6 Concentration of15N,N uptake,and N use efficiency
Chapter 5 General conclusion
5.1 Main conclusions
5.2 Perspectives and future directions
References
Appendices
Acknowledgements
Author Resume
本文编号：3795012
【文章页数】：120 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 General overview
1.2 Background
1.3 The importance of nitrogen in agricultural system
1.4 Basic nitrogen process in the soil-plant system
1.5 Nitrogen cycle in agricultural system
1.6 Role of nitrogen in plants
1.7 Over use chemical nitrogen as a result of serious environmental problem
1.8 N isotopes
1.9 Basic composition of rice-duck co-culture system
1.10 Effects of rice-duck co-culture on paddy field weeds
1.11 Effects of rice-duck co-culture on soil fertility and soil microbes
1.12 Stimulating effects of duck activities on rice plants
1.13 Roles and functions of ducks on crop production
1.14 Benefit analysis:Rice-duck co-culture
1.15 Mutualism benefit on the interaction between rice and duck
1.16 Aims and Hypothesis
Chapter 2 Materials and methods
2.1 Field experiment
2.1.1 Experimental site
2.1.2 Agricultural activities and sampling record in2017 and
2.1.3 Experimental design and operation
2.2 N pot experiment
2.3 Sampling and measurements
2.4 Calculations
2.5 Statistical analyses
Chapter 3 Results
3.1 N and P concentration in the first rice season(2017)
3.2 Effects of Organic Fertilizer in the Field
3.3 Yield and Yield components at Ninghe experimental farm in2017
3.4 N concentration in rice season2 (2018)
3.5 Interactive effect between duck level and treatment,year,duck level and treatment on N concentration in two consecutive rice seasons
3.6 Pot experiment with Japonica rice varieties
3.7 Total15N content
3.8 N derived from the fertilizer and from the soil
3.9 Fresh Grain15N,Husk15N Content,N Uptake,and N Use Efficiency
Chapter 4 Discussion
4.1 Effect of duck presence on rice plant growth and rice yield
4.2 Interactive effects of duck levels,treatment,and year and treatment on N concentration
4.3 Importance of Organic Fertilizer in the Field
4.4 Responses of N application on the growth of Japonica rice varieties in two soil types
4.5 Influence of Ammonium Sulfate-15N in the Field,N derived from the fertilizer and from the soil with and without duck in the field
4.6 Concentration of15N,N uptake,and N use efficiency
Chapter 5 General conclusion
5.1 Main conclusions
5.2 Perspectives and future directions
References
Appendices
Acknowledgements
Author Resume
本文编号：3795012
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