晚播高密条件下钾氮比例对棉花光合作用和蔗糖代谢的影响
发布时间：2024-01-04 19:00
棉花是世界上最重要的纤维作物。中国在世界棉花生产中居领先地位,而湖北是中国产棉大省之一。然而尽管推广了高产品种,采用了育苗移栽这种高投入生产模式,但近年来该地区棉花单产仍然停滞不前。因此,棉花生产面积因利润低下而逐渐减小。为了提高农民的植棉收入,已经探索出一种新型高效种植模式,其特点是生长期短、晚播、直播、高密和减少氮肥、且一次施肥,而不影响棉花产量。但是,这种新的棉花种植模式,是否也需要较高的钾氮比例?为此,我们于2016-2017年,在中国武汉华中农业大学试验农场(北纬30°37′,东经114°21′,海拔23米)进行了大田试验。完全随机区组设计,品种为华棉3109(Gossypium hirsutumn L.)。试验设置3个钾氮比例(施钾量)[K08{K(K2O):N=0.8:1(168:210 kg ha-1)},K10{K(K2O):N=1:1(210:210 kg ha-1)}和K12{K(K2O):N=1.2:1(252:210 kg ha-1
【文章页数】：141 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 Cotton production in China
1.1.1 Challenges in cotton production in China
1.1.2 Possible solutions
1.2 Potassium
1.2.1 Potassium scenario in the world
1.2.2 Potassium significance for plants and cotton production
1.2.3 Potassium-nitrogen ratio in relation to plant photosynthesis
1.2.3.1 Plants photosynthesis
1.2.3.2 Stomatal regulation
1.2.3.3 Rubisco activity
1.2.3.4 Assimilate transport
1.2.4 Potassium-nitrogen ratio in relation to carbohydrate metabolism
1.2.4.1 Enzyme synthesis and activation
1.2.4.2 Carbohydrate metabolic enzymes
1.2.4.3 Sucrose phosphate synthase
1.2.4.4 Sucrose synthase
1.2.4.5 SAI and G6PDH
1.2.4.6 Carbohydrate contents
1.2.5 Potassium-nitrogen ratio in relation to plant stress mitigation
1.2.5.1 Osmotic adjustments
1.2.5.2 Drought stress alleviation
1.2.5.3 Salt stress mitigation
1.3 Significance and perspectives of the study
1.3.1 Significance
1.3.2 Objectives
1.3.3 The road map
CHAPTER 2 EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM-NITROGEN RATIO ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN COTTON MAIN STEM LEAVES
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Climatic conditions
2.2.2 Experimental area,soil characteristics and cultivar
2.2.3 Experimental design,treatments and crop management
2.2.4 Photosynthesis measurements
2.2.4.1 Photosynthetic attributes at varied light intensities
2.2.4.2 Photosynthetic attributes of the leaves at different nodes
2.2.4.3 Diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic attributes of functional leaves
2.2.5 Chlorophyll parameters
2.2.5.1 Chlorophyll fluorescence
2.2.5.2 Chlorophyll contents(SPAD values)
2.2.6 Cotton yield attributes
2.2.7 Statistical analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Cotton yield attributes
2.3.2 Photosynthetic parameters
2.3.2.1 Photosynthetic attributes at varied light intensities
2.3.2.2 Diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic attributes of functional leaves
2.3.2.3 Photosynthetic attributes of all main stem leaves
2.3.3 Chlorophyll parameters
2.3.3.1 Chlorophyll fluorescence of 4th leaf
2.3.3.2 SPAD values of 4th leaf
2.3.4 Relationship of photosynthetic attributes,chlorophyll parameters cotton yield
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM TO NITROGEN RATIO ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ATTRIBUTES AND SUCROSE METABOLISM IN COTTON SUBTENDING LEAVES
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Climatic conditions
3.2.2 Experimental area,soil characteristics and cultivar
3.2.3 Experimental design,treatments,and crop management
3.2.4 Leaf growth attributes
3.2.5 Photosynthetic attributes
3.2.5.1 Photosynthesis measurements
3.2.6 Chlorophyll fluorescence
3.2.6.1 Sampling
3.2.6.2 Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence attributes
3.2.7 Determination of chlorophyll and ATP contents,and enzymatic activity
3.2.7.1 Chlorophyll(a,b)contents
3.2.7.2 Total Rubisco activity and ATP contents
3.2.8 Leaf carbohydrate analysis
3.2.8.1 Extraction
3.2.8.2 Measurement
3.2.8.3 Extraction and analysis of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes
3.2.9 Statistical analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Leaf growth attributes
3.3.2 Photosynthetic attributes
3.3.3 Chlorophyll fluorescence
3.3.4 Chlorophyll contents
3.3.5 Total Rubisco activity and ATP contents
3.3.6 Changes in carbohydrate contents
3.3.7 Changes in sucrose metabolizing enzymes activity and their relationship with sucrose contents in subtending leaves
3.3.8 Relationship among Pn,sucrose metabolizing enzymes,sucrose content in subtending leaf and cotton yield
3.3.9 Correlation coefficients between the source and sink indices
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
4.1 Discussion
4.1.1 Potassium-nitrogen ratio in relation to photosynthesis
4.1.2 Potassium-nitrogen ratio in relation to carbohydrate metabolism
4.1.3 Photosynthesis in relation to cotton yield formation
4.1.4 Carbohydrate metabolism in relation to cotton yield formation
4.1.5 Comparison between photosynthetic attributes of main stem leaf at the 6th node from the top and its corresponding first fruiting branch leaf at the same node
4.1.6 A possible mutual action of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism on cotton yield formation
4.1.6.1 Relationship of photosynthetic attributes of 4th main stem leaf and cotton yield
4.1.6.2 The relationship amongst Pn,sucrose metabolism in subtending leaves and yield
4.1.6.3 Correlation coefficients between the source(subtending leaf)and sink indices
4.2 Conclusion
4.3 Innovations
4.4 Perspective for further work
REFERENCES
SUPPLEMENTARY
List of Publications
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
本文编号：3876891
【文章页数】：141 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 Cotton production in China
1.1.1 Challenges in cotton production in China
1.1.2 Possible solutions
1.2 Potassium
1.2.1 Potassium scenario in the world
1.2.2 Potassium significance for plants and cotton production
1.2.3 Potassium-nitrogen ratio in relation to plant photosynthesis
1.2.3.1 Plants photosynthesis
1.2.3.2 Stomatal regulation
1.2.3.3 Rubisco activity
1.2.3.4 Assimilate transport
1.2.4 Potassium-nitrogen ratio in relation to carbohydrate metabolism
1.2.4.1 Enzyme synthesis and activation
1.2.4.2 Carbohydrate metabolic enzymes
1.2.4.3 Sucrose phosphate synthase
1.2.4.4 Sucrose synthase
1.2.4.5 SAI and G6PDH
1.2.4.6 Carbohydrate contents
1.2.5 Potassium-nitrogen ratio in relation to plant stress mitigation
1.2.5.1 Osmotic adjustments
1.2.5.2 Drought stress alleviation
1.2.5.3 Salt stress mitigation
1.3 Significance and perspectives of the study
1.3.1 Significance
1.3.2 Objectives
1.3.3 The road map
CHAPTER 2 EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM-NITROGEN RATIO ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN COTTON MAIN STEM LEAVES
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Climatic conditions
2.2.2 Experimental area,soil characteristics and cultivar
2.2.3 Experimental design,treatments and crop management
2.2.4 Photosynthesis measurements
2.2.4.1 Photosynthetic attributes at varied light intensities
2.2.4.2 Photosynthetic attributes of the leaves at different nodes
2.2.4.3 Diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic attributes of functional leaves
2.2.5 Chlorophyll parameters
2.2.5.1 Chlorophyll fluorescence
2.2.5.2 Chlorophyll contents(SPAD values)
2.2.6 Cotton yield attributes
2.2.7 Statistical analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Cotton yield attributes
2.3.2 Photosynthetic parameters
2.3.2.1 Photosynthetic attributes at varied light intensities
2.3.2.2 Diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic attributes of functional leaves
2.3.2.3 Photosynthetic attributes of all main stem leaves
2.3.3 Chlorophyll parameters
2.3.3.1 Chlorophyll fluorescence of 4th leaf
2.3.3.2 SPAD values of 4th leaf
2.3.4 Relationship of photosynthetic attributes,chlorophyll parameters cotton yield
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM TO NITROGEN RATIO ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ATTRIBUTES AND SUCROSE METABOLISM IN COTTON SUBTENDING LEAVES
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Climatic conditions
3.2.2 Experimental area,soil characteristics and cultivar
3.2.3 Experimental design,treatments,and crop management
3.2.4 Leaf growth attributes
3.2.5 Photosynthetic attributes
3.2.5.1 Photosynthesis measurements
3.2.6 Chlorophyll fluorescence
3.2.6.1 Sampling
3.2.6.2 Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence attributes
3.2.7 Determination of chlorophyll and ATP contents,and enzymatic activity
3.2.7.1 Chlorophyll(a,b)contents
3.2.7.2 Total Rubisco activity and ATP contents
3.2.8 Leaf carbohydrate analysis
3.2.8.1 Extraction
3.2.8.2 Measurement
3.2.8.3 Extraction and analysis of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes
3.2.9 Statistical analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Leaf growth attributes
3.3.2 Photosynthetic attributes
3.3.3 Chlorophyll fluorescence
3.3.4 Chlorophyll contents
3.3.5 Total Rubisco activity and ATP contents
3.3.6 Changes in carbohydrate contents
3.3.7 Changes in sucrose metabolizing enzymes activity and their relationship with sucrose contents in subtending leaves
3.3.8 Relationship among Pn,sucrose metabolizing enzymes,sucrose content in subtending leaf and cotton yield
3.3.9 Correlation coefficients between the source and sink indices
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
4.1 Discussion
4.1.1 Potassium-nitrogen ratio in relation to photosynthesis
4.1.2 Potassium-nitrogen ratio in relation to carbohydrate metabolism
4.1.3 Photosynthesis in relation to cotton yield formation
4.1.4 Carbohydrate metabolism in relation to cotton yield formation
4.1.5 Comparison between photosynthetic attributes of main stem leaf at the 6th node from the top and its corresponding first fruiting branch leaf at the same node
4.1.6 A possible mutual action of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism on cotton yield formation
4.1.6.1 Relationship of photosynthetic attributes of 4th main stem leaf and cotton yield
4.1.6.2 The relationship amongst Pn,sucrose metabolism in subtending leaves and yield
4.1.6.3 Correlation coefficients between the source(subtending leaf)and sink indices
4.2 Conclusion
4.3 Innovations
4.4 Perspective for further work
REFERENCES
SUPPLEMENTARY
List of Publications
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
本文编号：3876891
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