半干旱沙荒地能源高粱和柳枝稷可持续生产的养分需求与供给依据研究

发布时间：2024-03-01 18:43

　　化石燃料储量的减少及其勘探和燃烧过程会对环境产生不利影响,导致了对可再生能源生产需求的日益增加。中国在过去的二十年里国内生产总值一直保持年均7%高速增长,而化石能源在推动人口占世界五分之一的中国经济发展中发挥着关键作用。据美国能源信息管理局的数据显示,当前中国能源消费总量相比过去的十年增加了一倍多,尤其是石油消费量位居于世界前列。中国的能源消耗主要以化石能源为主,尤其是煤。然而,基于化石能源燃料的使用会导致二氧化碳排放增加,会增加环境和人类的健康风险。目前,中国政府一方面正努力通过限制煤炭的使用,另一方面鼓励和促进非化石燃料能源的开发利用,旨在促进能源消费多样化以减少温室气体排放和大气污染。为保障能源消费安全,基于生物质的能源开发利用为众多可再生能源中最具前景之一。利用种植能源作物来生产生物燃料是可再生能源的巨大补充。然而,为保障中国的粮食安全,生物能源的发展前提是不与粮食作物的生产争夺土地,且不能牺牲以生产谷物、油和糖料为基础的粮食生产。由于中国耕地资源十分有限,利用边际土地生产能源作物是一个最佳方案;此举既可将发挥其作为生产生物燃料原料优势又能避免与粮食生产竞争。此外,能源作物普遍...

【文章页数】：126 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
CHAPTER 1 General Introduction
    Background
    Objectives of the study
    Features and innovation of the study
    Review of Literature
        Bioenergy crops
        Energy sorghum
        Switchgrass
        Nitrogen rate management
        Phosphorus and potassium fertility management
        Biomass yield potential
        Crop nutrient uptake
        Nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE)
        Seasonal time of switchgrass harvest
        Biomass/forage quality
        Soil nitrogen budget and NO3
1-N accumulation
CHAPTER 2 Biomass yield and nutrient uptake of energy sorghum in response to nitrogen fertilizer rate on marginalland in a semi-arid region
    Introduction
    Materials and methods
        Study site
        Experimental design and crop husbandry
        Sampling, measurements, and chemical analysis
        Calculations and statistical analysis
    Results
        Temperature and rainfall in the growing seasons
        Effects of nitrogen rate, variety, and year
        Biomass yield and its partitioning
        N,P, and K concentration
        N,P, and K uptake and partitioning
        NUE
        N accumulation with respect to biomass yield
    Discussion
    Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Short-term response of switchgass to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on semiarid sandy wastelandmanaged for biofuel feedstock
    Introduction
    Materials and methods
    Results
        Growing season weather conditions
        Effects of the fertilizer treatments and variation among planting years
        Plant size and biomass yield
        Plant nutrient content and uptake
        Apparent N recovery and soil NO3
--N accumulation
        Relationship between soil available nutrients and plant parameters
    Discussion
    Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Effects of nitrogen fertilization and harvest time on biomass yield and nutrient uptake of switchgassand soil nitrogen balance in a semiarid marginal land
    Introduction
    Materials and methods
        Study site
        Experimental design and crop management
        Sampling, measurements, and chemical analysis
        Calculations and statistical analysis
    Results
        Effects of nitrogen rate, harvest time, and year
        Plant size and biomass accumulation and partitioning
        Nutrient concentration and partitioning
        Nutrient uptake and partitioning
        N-use efficiency
        Apparent soil N balance
    Discussion
    Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Effects of nitrogen rate and harvest time on switchgrass forage and biomass quality in semiarid marginalland
    Introduction
    Materials and methods
        Study site
        Experiment design and field operation
        Sampling and chemical analysis
        Calculations and statistical analysis
    Results
        Effects of nitrogen rate, harvest time, and year
        Quality components
        Theoretical ethanol yield (TEY)
        Soil NO3
--N content
    Discussion
    Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 General Conclusions
    Future research
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABRIDGED RESUME



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