重金属（镉）和生物炭对水稻的影响及相互作用
发布时间：2022-12-17 20:27
大米是许多国家的主食,地球上一半以上的人口都以大米为主食。尽管水稻农业生产活动对人类的生存和经济发展负有责任,但没有多余的土地可以种植水稻。水稻种植面临着被重金属污染的风险。在现代农业中,许多导致农产品和土壤受到污染的重金属已被列为致癌物,这成为引起人们关注的严重问题。重金属的修复对于健康和可持续的作物生产是必不可少的,但大多数过程漫长而昂贵。研究发现,施用生物炭可提高土壤肥力,增强养分保持力,增加养分吸收,从而提高作物产量。因此,本研究“镉和生物炭对水稻的影响及交互作用”着重于评估单独的镉和生物炭及其交互作用对水稻植物的生长、产量、养分吸收以及土壤特性的影响。并且研究了玉米秸秆生物炭的使用减缓这些影响的潜力。本研究的土壤样品取自吉林大学植物科学学院的实验田,在进行土壤处理前对土壤的一些物理和化学性质进行了测定。盆栽实验设计了4种浓度水平的镉（0mg,20mg,40mg和1000mg）以及六种浓度水平的生物炭（0吨/公顷、5吨/公顷、10吨/公顷、20吨/公顷、40吨/公顷、80吨/公顷）。移栽后一周监测株高等生长参数直到收割。收割后测定生物量、籽粒产量和植株养分浓度。收获后对剩余土壤...
【文章页数】：157 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Gaps and Justification
1.2 Research Objectives
1.3 The Road-map of the Research
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Heavy Metals
2.1 Sources of Heavy Metals
2.1.1 Geogenic Sources
2.1.2 Anthropogenic sources
2.2 Heavy metal pollution
2.2.1 Lead
2.2.2 Chromium
2.2.3 Cadmium (Cd~(2+))
2.3 Pathways of heavy metals
2.3.1 Pathway of heavy metals in the agro-environment
2.3.2 Pathways of HMs into animals and human beings
2.4 Effects and toxicity of heavy metals
2.4.1 Agricultural effect
2.4.2 Effects on food-animals
2.4.3 Human health effects
2.4.4 Economic effects
2.5 Heavy metals, rice and the world
2.6 Remediation of Heavy Metals
2.6.1 Electro-kinetic remediation
2.6.2 Phytoremediation
2.6.3 Stabilisation and solidification
2.7 Biochar
2.7.1 Definition of terms
2.7.2 Kiln
2.7.3 Feedstock
2.7.4 Char
2.7.5 Charcoal
2.7.6 Synthesis gas
2.7.7 Biooil
2.8 Biochar production processes
2.8.1 Hydrothermal Carbonization
2.8.2 Pyrolysis
2.9 Structural composition of biochar
2.10 Properties of biochar
2.10.1 Physical properties of biochar
2.10.2 Chemical properties of biochar
2.11 Effects of feedstock on biochar properties
2.12 Effects of temperature on biochar properties
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS and METHODS
3.1 Overview
3.2 Soils and sampling
3.3 Experimental setup
3.4 Soil characterization
3.4.1 Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity
3.4.2 Total Nitrogen (N), Total Phosphorus (P) and AvilablePhosphorus (AP)
3.4.3 Total Potassium (K)
3.4.4 Organic matter (Total Organic Matter TOC, Organic MatterOM)
3.4.5 Possible heavy metal contaminants
3.4.6 Characteristics of the soil used
3.4.7 Soil spiking
3.5 Biochar characterization
3.5.1 Biochar pH
3.5.2 Biochar electrical conductivity
3.5.3 Cadmium contaminants of biochar
3.5.4 Biochar Total Nitrogen
3.5.5 Characteristics of the corn straw biochar
3.5.6 Growth of rice
3.6 Fertilizer application
3.7 Experimental Data collection
3.7.1 Growth Data
3.7.2 Plant dry matter yield
3.7.3 Chemical analyses of plant material
3.7.4 Nutrient uptake
3.7.5 Yield per pot
3.7.6 Residual soil analysis
3.8 Data Analysis
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS
4.1 Overview
4.2 Cadmium and biochar influence on weekly plant height
4.3 Influence of cadmium spiking and biochar amendments on drymatter yield
4.3.1 Influence on stem weight
4.3.2 Influence on leaf weight
4.3.3 Influence on panicle weight
4.3.4 Influence on root weight
4.4 Influence of cadmium and biochar on yield parameters and yield
4.4.1 Rice per panicle
4.4.2 100 grain weight
4.4.3 Number of panicles
4.4.4 Yield per pot
4.5 Influence of cadmium and biochar on nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium uptake
4.5.1 Influence on stem nitrogen uptake
4.5.2 Influence on stem phosphorus uptake
4.5.3 Influence on stem potassium uptake
4.5.4 Influence on leaves nitrogen uptake
4.5.5 Influence on leaves phosphorus uptake
4.5.6 Influence on leaves potassium uptake
4.5.7 Influence on panicle nitrogen uptake
4.5.8 Influence on panicle phosphorus uptake
4.5.9 Influence on panicle potassium uptake
4.5.10 Influence on grain cadmium concentration
4.5.11 Influence on roots nitrogen uptake
4.5.12 Influence on roots phosphorus uptake
4.5.13 Influence on root potassium uptake
4.6 Influence of cadmium and biochar on soil properties
4.6.1 pH
4.6.2 Organic Carbon
4.6.3 Total Nitrogen
4.6.4 Total phosphorus
4.6.5 Total potassium
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS
5.1 Characteristics of corn husk biochar
5.2 Influence of amendments on plant height
5.3 Influence of amendments on dry matter yield
5.4 Influence of amendments on grain yield parameters and grainyield
5.5 Influence of amendment on nutrient uptake
5.6 Influence on cadmium concentration in grains
5.7 Effects of amendments on residual chemical properties of soil
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Introduction and Academic Achievement during the Degree Period
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Heavy metal contamination of urban topsoil in a petrochemical industrial city in Xinjiang,China[J]. WANG Wei,LAI Yingshuai,MA Yuanyuan,LIU Zilong,WANG Shufen,HONG Chenglin. Journal of Arid Land. 2016(06)
[2]Integrated approach of heavy metal pollution indices and complexity quantification using chemometric models in the Sirsa Basin, Nalagarh valley, Himachal Pradesh, India[J]. Rajkumar Herojeet,Madhuri S.Rishi,Naval Kishore. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry. 2015(04)
[3]施钾和秸秆还田对春玉米产量、养分吸收及土壤钾素平衡的影响[J]. 谢佳贵,侯云鹏,尹彩侠,孔丽丽,秦裕波,李前,王立春. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2014(05)
[4]黏土矿物原位修复镉污染稻田及其对土壤氮磷和酶活性的影响[J]. 韩君,梁学峰,徐应明,徐愿坚,雷勇,蒋荣辉. 环境科学学报. 2014(11)
[5]从国家自然科学基金资助项目分析应对土壤镉污染的研究发展方向[J]. 张标金,罗林广,魏益华,聂根新,张祥喜. 热带农业科学. 2014(01)
[6]广西刁江流域Cd和Pb复合污染稻田土壤的钝化修复[J]. 王林,徐应明,梁学峰,孙国红,孙约兵,林大松. 生态与农村环境学报. 2012(05)
[7]污染土壤淋洗修复技术研究进展[J]. 李玉双,胡晓钧,孙铁珩,侯永侠,宋雪英,杨继松,陈红亮. 生态学杂志. 2011(03)
[8]施用生物质炭对土壤生态系统功能的影响[J]. 宋延静,龚骏. 鲁东大学学报(自然科学版). 2010(04)
[9]中国农田退化价值损失计量研究[J]. 李贵春,邱建军,尹昌斌. 中国农学通报. 2009(03)
[10]重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术[J]. 邢前国,潘伟斌,张太平. 生态科学. 2003(03)
本文编号：3720594
【文章页数】：157 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Gaps and Justification
1.2 Research Objectives
1.3 The Road-map of the Research
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Heavy Metals
2.1 Sources of Heavy Metals
2.1.1 Geogenic Sources
2.1.2 Anthropogenic sources
2.2 Heavy metal pollution
2.2.1 Lead
2.2.2 Chromium
2.2.3 Cadmium (Cd~(2+))
2.3 Pathways of heavy metals
2.3.1 Pathway of heavy metals in the agro-environment
2.3.2 Pathways of HMs into animals and human beings
2.4 Effects and toxicity of heavy metals
2.4.1 Agricultural effect
2.4.2 Effects on food-animals
2.4.3 Human health effects
2.4.4 Economic effects
2.5 Heavy metals, rice and the world
2.6 Remediation of Heavy Metals
2.6.1 Electro-kinetic remediation
2.6.2 Phytoremediation
2.6.3 Stabilisation and solidification
2.7 Biochar
2.7.1 Definition of terms
2.7.2 Kiln
2.7.3 Feedstock
2.7.4 Char
2.7.5 Charcoal
2.7.6 Synthesis gas
2.7.7 Biooil
2.8 Biochar production processes
2.8.1 Hydrothermal Carbonization
2.8.2 Pyrolysis
2.9 Structural composition of biochar
2.10 Properties of biochar
2.10.1 Physical properties of biochar
2.10.2 Chemical properties of biochar
2.11 Effects of feedstock on biochar properties
2.12 Effects of temperature on biochar properties
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS and METHODS
3.1 Overview
3.2 Soils and sampling
3.3 Experimental setup
3.4 Soil characterization
3.4.1 Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity
3.4.2 Total Nitrogen (N), Total Phosphorus (P) and AvilablePhosphorus (AP)
3.4.3 Total Potassium (K)
3.4.4 Organic matter (Total Organic Matter TOC, Organic MatterOM)
3.4.5 Possible heavy metal contaminants
3.4.6 Characteristics of the soil used
3.4.7 Soil spiking
3.5 Biochar characterization
3.5.1 Biochar pH
3.5.2 Biochar electrical conductivity
3.5.3 Cadmium contaminants of biochar
3.5.4 Biochar Total Nitrogen
3.5.5 Characteristics of the corn straw biochar
3.5.6 Growth of rice
3.6 Fertilizer application
3.7 Experimental Data collection
3.7.1 Growth Data
3.7.2 Plant dry matter yield
3.7.3 Chemical analyses of plant material
3.7.4 Nutrient uptake
3.7.5 Yield per pot
3.7.6 Residual soil analysis
3.8 Data Analysis
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS
4.1 Overview
4.2 Cadmium and biochar influence on weekly plant height
4.3 Influence of cadmium spiking and biochar amendments on drymatter yield
4.3.1 Influence on stem weight
4.3.2 Influence on leaf weight
4.3.3 Influence on panicle weight
4.3.4 Influence on root weight
4.4 Influence of cadmium and biochar on yield parameters and yield
4.4.1 Rice per panicle
4.4.2 100 grain weight
4.4.3 Number of panicles
4.4.4 Yield per pot
4.5 Influence of cadmium and biochar on nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium uptake
4.5.1 Influence on stem nitrogen uptake
4.5.2 Influence on stem phosphorus uptake
4.5.3 Influence on stem potassium uptake
4.5.4 Influence on leaves nitrogen uptake
4.5.5 Influence on leaves phosphorus uptake
4.5.6 Influence on leaves potassium uptake
4.5.7 Influence on panicle nitrogen uptake
4.5.8 Influence on panicle phosphorus uptake
4.5.9 Influence on panicle potassium uptake
4.5.10 Influence on grain cadmium concentration
4.5.11 Influence on roots nitrogen uptake
4.5.12 Influence on roots phosphorus uptake
4.5.13 Influence on root potassium uptake
4.6 Influence of cadmium and biochar on soil properties
4.6.1 pH
4.6.2 Organic Carbon
4.6.3 Total Nitrogen
4.6.4 Total phosphorus
4.6.5 Total potassium
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS
5.1 Characteristics of corn husk biochar
5.2 Influence of amendments on plant height
5.3 Influence of amendments on dry matter yield
5.4 Influence of amendments on grain yield parameters and grainyield
5.5 Influence of amendment on nutrient uptake
5.6 Influence on cadmium concentration in grains
5.7 Effects of amendments on residual chemical properties of soil
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Introduction and Academic Achievement during the Degree Period
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Heavy metal contamination of urban topsoil in a petrochemical industrial city in Xinjiang,China[J]. WANG Wei,LAI Yingshuai,MA Yuanyuan,LIU Zilong,WANG Shufen,HONG Chenglin. Journal of Arid Land. 2016(06)
[2]Integrated approach of heavy metal pollution indices and complexity quantification using chemometric models in the Sirsa Basin, Nalagarh valley, Himachal Pradesh, India[J]. Rajkumar Herojeet,Madhuri S.Rishi,Naval Kishore. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry. 2015(04)
[3]施钾和秸秆还田对春玉米产量、养分吸收及土壤钾素平衡的影响[J]. 谢佳贵,侯云鹏,尹彩侠,孔丽丽,秦裕波,李前,王立春. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2014(05)
[4]黏土矿物原位修复镉污染稻田及其对土壤氮磷和酶活性的影响[J]. 韩君,梁学峰,徐应明,徐愿坚,雷勇,蒋荣辉. 环境科学学报. 2014(11)
[5]从国家自然科学基金资助项目分析应对土壤镉污染的研究发展方向[J]. 张标金,罗林广,魏益华,聂根新,张祥喜. 热带农业科学. 2014(01)
[6]广西刁江流域Cd和Pb复合污染稻田土壤的钝化修复[J]. 王林,徐应明,梁学峰,孙国红,孙约兵,林大松. 生态与农村环境学报. 2012(05)
[7]污染土壤淋洗修复技术研究进展[J]. 李玉双,胡晓钧,孙铁珩,侯永侠,宋雪英,杨继松,陈红亮. 生态学杂志. 2011(03)
[8]施用生物质炭对土壤生态系统功能的影响[J]. 宋延静,龚骏. 鲁东大学学报(自然科学版). 2010(04)
[9]中国农田退化价值损失计量研究[J]. 李贵春,邱建军,尹昌斌. 中国农学通报. 2009(03)
[10]重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术[J]. 邢前国,潘伟斌,张太平. 生态科学. 2003(03)
本文编号：3720594
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