Tips for Submissions
The total word count of any article consists of the title page, abstract (if applicable), main body of text, acknowledgments,
sources of funding, disclosures, references, figure legends, tables and appendices intended for print publication. Word count
is calculated by the editorial office using the Microsoft Word tool. If the manuscript exceeds the total word count, authors will be asked or even required to shorten the manuscript and/or use a data supplement.
References with more than 6 authors should list the first 6 authors followed by et al and do not list the month/issue/day
(the number in parentheses) in the reference.
The corresponding author should collect Conflict of Interest information from all co-authors before submitting a manuscript.
The initial submission must include a disclosure statement that lists all the conflicts. If there are no conflicts, please
state “Disclosures: None.”
All authors listed on the title page of the manuscript must also be listed in the online submission system.
The use of the online data supplement is strongly encouraged not only for additional tables and figures but for complex methodology,
large tables, and complex figures. They must be clearly labeled as data supplement on the title page and in references throughout
the paper and the file should be uploaded as a separate supplemental PDF.
Updated Janaury 2016:Any submitted meta-analysis or systematic review should follow the PRISMA or MOOSE guidelines. Please state in the methods
section which guideline the authors followed. If you use the PRISMA guidelines, 1) please include a copy of the PRISMA checklist
as a related manuscript file (not for publication); and 2) include a flow diagram in your manuscript or supplemental data.
The authors should use journal formatting for abstracts. Details on PRISMA can be foundhere. Details on MOOSE can be foundhere.
Consult the AMA Manual of Style 10th Edition, for style.
Article Categories
For preparation, see and .
Original Contributions. Original research contributions are for manuscripts that encompass the broad range of innovative and impactful clinical and
basic research in the field of cerebrovascular disorders. These manuscripts should present comprehensive with a robust methodology
and results sections. The maximum length for original manuscripts is 5,000 words. Please note the publication fees in the
Costs to Authors section. The total number of figures and/or tables is limited to 6. Each figure may contain up to 4 panels (i.e., parts A to D) and must conform to the requirements for figures described in that section of the instructions to authors.
Brief Reports. Brief reports are for manuscripts with less complete data sets than would be appropriate for original contributions that
present novel and impactful clinical and basic research of a more preliminary nature. Maximum length is 2,000 words, including
up to 15 references. The total number of figures and/or tables is limited to 3.
Progress or Topical Reviews. This category presents a review of advances related to important research and clinical topics relevant to some aspect of
cerebrovascular disease. They will generally be invited by the editors but unsolicited reviews will also be accepted for editorial
review. Invited reviews will also undergo peer review but except in rare circumstances will not be subject to rapid triage
and early rejection. Manuscripts should not exceed 5,000 words with 6 figures/tables. Please do NOT include an abstract in review papers. An introduction or background section will suffice.
Comments and Opinions. In this category, authors summarize the present state of knowledge in some aspect of cerebrovascular disease without the
objectivity required in a Progress Review. Maximum length is 5,000 words with a total of 6 figures/tables. Please do NOT include an abstract in review papers. An introduction or background section will suffice.
Special Reports. These articles may summarize an event or a topic of interest to the readers of Stroke. Authors must query the editors before writing Special Reports to determine possible interest in such articles. Maximum length
is 5,000 words with a total of 6 tables/figures.
Clinical and Research Innovations (Online-Only Publication).Discontinued as of January 2016.
Illustrative Teaching Cases (Online-Only Publication). This series is directed primarily at Neurology residents and fellows. An actual case is presented, discussed, and the teaching
points are noted. Each article presents bulleted Take Home Points. The purpose of this series is not to focus on esoteric
or unusual cases, but rather to review and stress points that residents are likely to encounter during their training and
beyond. The focus of each case will be varied. In some cases, the key feature will be a review of neuroanatomy. Another may
review types of testing for a specific condition or review the differential diagnosis for a particular symptom. The articles
are short and easy to read and should be quick way to review clinical "pearls" in vascular neurology. You may wish to read
several of our published Teaching Cases for a better understanding of the series.
Maximum length for this article is 2,000 words. The word limit includes title page, main body of text, bulleted take home points, acknowledgments, sources of funding, disclosures,
references, figure legends, and tables. The manuscript does not have an abstract, and contains as few references as possible
and no more than 10 references total.
Letters to the Editor (Online-Only Publication). This forum expresses views about articles published in Stroke or presents ideas or findings of scientific interest that do not constitute original research. Letters must reference a Stroke article published in print within the past 4 weeks. The maximum length is 750 words including no more than 5 references and
3 authors. Tables, figures, and data supplements are prohibited. Please use the journal formatting for titles of Letters to the Editor. Example: Letter by Authoret al. Regarding Article, "Article Title."Letters may be shortened or edited by the Editorial
Office. The editor invites responses to letters as appropriate. Response Letter titles use thisformat: Response to Letter
Regarding Article, "Article Title."
Letters to the Editor on AHA/ASA Scientific Statements and Guidelines will be reviewed by the journal. The Editor may accept
or decline the Letter. In either case, the journal will forward the Letter to the AHA/ASA. If the Letter to the Editor is
accepted for publication in Stroke, the journal may also publish a Response (if any) from the AHA/ASA. The AHA/ASA may post the Letter and Response (if any) on
its Correspondence site. Because Letters sent to the AHA/ASA are brought to the attention of the Writing Committee chair/co-chairs the AHA/ASA
Manuscript Oversight Committee, please be patient in awaiting a final reply.
Costs to Authors
Authors are charged:
$70 per published page of an article to defray costs of publication (information is sent with author's proof).
$35 per published page of an online-only article.
Open Access Fees: Open Access licensing is available only for full-length, Original Articles..
Updated Janauary 2016: Authors of papers exceeding 5,000 words (2,000 words for Brief Reports, 750 words for Letters/Responses to the Editor, etc.)
will be charged a minimum fee of $425 per additional 1,000 words. The standard $70 (or $35) page charge will also apply. Authors will be asked or even required to shorten manuscripts that are over the word limit even if authors agree to pay the
over word fee. Word count will be calculated by the editorial office, using the Microsoft Word tool. Title page, abstract,
main body of text, acknowledgments, sources of funding, disclosures, references, figure legends, tables, and appendices intended
for print publication are included in the total word count.
Color charges per color page equals $653.00. This is in addition to the page charges. Estimate of cost will be provided for
author's approval by the publisher.
$100 per published page for printing a correction (erratum after online or print publication of the article) that results
from an author's error.
There are no page charges to authors from the following countries, however, authors must select the Copyright Transfer Agreement
and remian within the word limit: Armenia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Arab Rep. Egypt, El Salvador,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia,
Kenya, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Lao PDR, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Fed. Sts. Micronesia,
Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines,
Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Tanzania,
Timor-Leste, Togo, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, Rep., Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Please contact the stroke{at}strokeahajournal.org?subject=Stroke%20Costs%20to%20Author%20Query if you have any questions about potential fees.
Wolters Kluwer Author Services
If you need help preparing a manuscript for submission, our publisher,Wolters Kluwer, in partnership withEditage, offers
a unique range of editorial servicesfor a fee, including:
Premium Editing:Intensive language and structural editing of academic papers toimprove the clarity and impact of your manuscript.
Advanced Editing:A complete language, grammar, and terminology check to give you a publication-ready manuscript.
Translation with Editing:Write your paper in your native language and Wolters Kluwer Author Services will translate it into
English, as well aseditit to ensure that it meets international publication standards.
Plagiarism Check:Helps ensure that your manuscript contains no instances of unintentional plagiarism.
Artwork Preparation:Save precious time and effort by ensuring that your artwork is viewed favorably by the journal without
you having to incur the additional cost of purchasing special graphics software.
For more information regarding Wolters Kluwer Author Servicesand to receive a quote for your manuscript, please visitPlease note that use of Wolters Kluwer Author Services does not in any way imply a guarantee, or even a likelihood, of acceptance
of your manuscript inStroke.
Instructions for New Submissions
To submit your manuscript online, please visit the journal's online manuscript submission site (), and follow the instructions for creating an author account and submitting a manuscript. Access can also be gained by visiting
Stroke online at and selecting the Online Submissions button. If you have any questions about the online submission process, contact the Editorial
Office by e-mail at stroke{at}strokeahajournal.org or by telephone at 617-542-5100 ext 8796.
Initial Review Process
Submitted manuscripts will be evaluated initially by an associate editor or guest editor. During initial review, the associate
editor will determine whether or not the manuscript is appropriate for a full review based on the quality, originality, scientific
rigor and data presentation/analysis of the manuscript. In some instances, the associate editor may reach out to a second
reviewer (assistant editor, section editor, member of the editorial board, or invited reviewer with topic-related expertise)
for this quick assessment. It is anticipated that approximately 50% of the submitted manuscripts will undergo formal review
and 50% will be rejected without evaluation by external reviewers. This policy reflects the stringent requirements for the
acceptance of manuscripts submitted to Stroke.
Expedited Publication
The editors invite submission of manuscripts that have major importance to the scientific community. To be considered for
expedited publication, an article must be unique and contain information that could make a significant difference in medical
practice or constitute an important advance in basic knowledge. The authors must clearly state reasons for the request in
the cover letter. If the editors agree that an article should be an expedited publication, they will arrange an accelerated
review and, if accepted, accelerated publication.
Guest Editors
To avoid actual or perceived conflict of interest, the journal uses guest editors to handle certain manuscripts. For more
details, see the below.
Manuscript Formatting
Leave 1-inch margins on all sides. Number every page, beginning with the abstract page, including tables, figure legends,
and figures.
Manuscripts should be presented in the following sequence:
Cite each reference in the text in numerical order and list in the References section. In text, reference numbers may be repeated
but not omitted. Do not duplicate references either in text or in the reference list.
Use SI units of measure in all manuscripts. For example, molar (M) should be changed to mol/L; mg/dL to mmol/L; and cm to
mm. Units of measure previously reported as percentages (e.g., hematocrit) are expressed as a decimal fraction. Measurements
currently not converted to SI units in biomedical applications are blood and oxygen pressures, enzyme activity, H+ concentration,
temperature, and volume. The SI unit should be used in text, followed by the conventionally used measurement in parentheses.
Conversions should be made by the author before the manuscript is submitted for peer review.
Provide $US dollar equivalents if you include other currency amounts in the manuscript.
Please provide sex-specific and/or racial/ethnic-specific data, when appropriate, in describing outcomes of epidemiologic
analyses or clinical trials; or specifically state that no sex-based or racial/ethnic-based differences were present. See
the "Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals" for more details.
Please review the correct usage of the terms "sex" and "gender.""'Gender' refers to a person's self-representation...or how
that person is responded to by social institutions on the basis of the person's gender presentation. 'Gender' is rooted in
biology and shaped by environment and experience;" "sex" describes a class of "living things as male or female according to
their reproductive organs and functions assigned by chromosomal compliment" (AMA 10th ed. 2007: p 395).Please use the terms appropriately.
Authorship Responsibility and Copyright Transfer Agreement Forms (and Licensing Agreements for Original Contributions) are
ONLINE ONLY. Forms will be required PRIOR to resubmission, or if the manuscript has only one version (e.g., a letter to the
editor) after acceptance. Each author will be sent an email containing a link to the form at the appropriate time.
Consult the AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors, 10th ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007, for style.
Consult current issues for additional guidance on format.
Cover Letter
Please upload a cover letter that includes the following statement: “All authors have read and approved the submitted manuscript,
the manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere nor published elsewhere in whole or in part, except as an abstract (if relevant).”
The cover letter may include the names of up to 3 potential reviewers whom the authors would like to suggest, especially members
of the editorial board. The authors may also include the names of up to 3 reviewers whom they would like to not evaluate their
submission. The editor ultimately decides who reviews the manuscript. Lastly, please note any potential overlapping content
submitted or accepted to another journal or conference.
Title Page
The first page of the manuscript should be the title page. This page must include:
Full title of the article, limited to 120 characters.
Authors' names, highest academic degree earned by each, authors' affiliations, name and complete address for correspondence,
and address for reprints if different from address for correspondence. Please also include any study group or collaboration
in the author list, i.e., " . . .Last Author, on behalf of the Stroke Study Group."
3 to 7 key words for use as indexing terms. Consider using terms found in the Medical Subject Headings(MeSH) database.
Subject Terms for use as search terms across Highwire Press online journals Article Collections database. Please select from
the Journal Subject Terms List.
Specify the number of words on your title page. Word count should include all parts of the manuscript (i.e., title page, abstract,
main body of text, acknowledgments, sources of funding, disclosures, references, figure legends, tables, and appendices intended
for print publication). Over-length manuscripts will NOT be accepted for publication. See the above.
Abstract
Updated December 2015:For authors following the PRISMA guideline, please use the journal abstract headings detailed below.
The abstract should have the following headings:
When applicable, include a fifth heading: "Clinical Trial Registration." Please list the URL, as well as the Unique Identifier,
for the publicly accessible website on which the trial is registered. If the trial is not registered, please indicate the
reason in the heading.
Example 1: Clinical Trial Registration-URL: Unique identifier: NCT00123456.
Example 2: Clinical Trial Registration-URL: Unique identifier: ISRCTN70000879.
Example 3: Clinical Trial Registration-URL: Unique identifier: ChiCTR-RCH-14004884.
Example 4: Clinical Trial Registration-This trial was not registered because enrollment began prior to July 1, 2005.
Text
The following are typical main headings: Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Summary.
Abbreviations must be defined at first mention in the text, tables, and figures.
Introduction: This section should briefly introduce the context of the results to be presented and should duplicate what is contained elsewhere
in the manuscript
Methods:
When describing surgical procedures on animals, identify the preanesthetic and anesthetic agents used, and state the amount
or concentration and the route and frequency of administration for each. The use of paralytic agents, such as curare or succinylcholine,
is not an acceptable substitute for anesthetics.
For other invasive procedures on animals, report the analgesic or tranquilizing drugs used. If none were used, provide justification
for such exclusion.
Manuscripts that describe studies on humans must indicate that the study was approved by an institutional review committee
and that the subjects gave informed consent.
Manuscripts involving animals must indicate that the study was approved by an institutional animal care and use committee.
Reports of studies on both animals and humans must indicate that the procedures followed were in accordance with institutional
guidelines.
All drugs should be referred to by their generic names rather than trade names. The generic chemical identification of all
investigational drugs must be provided.
A statistical subsection must be provided at the end of the Methods section describing the statistical methodology employed
for the data presented in the manuscript.
The Methods section should provide essential information related to the conduct of the study presented in the manuscript.
For methodology previously published by the authors, the prior publication should be referenced and a copy of the paper provided
to the reviewers, if necessary.
The Methods section should only contain material that is absolutely necessary for comprehension of the results section. Additional
(more detailed) methods can be provided as a data supplement.
Prevention of bias is important for experimental stroke research (see Macleod et al, Stroke. 2009;40:e50–e52). For studies where the primary objective is the preclinical testing of therapies, the following checklist items must be
adhered to and clearly documented in the manuscript:
Animals: Species, strains and sources must be defined. For genetically modified animals, wildtype controls including background and
back-crossing must be defined.
Statistics and sample size: Specific statistical methods must be defined, including parametric versus nonparametric and multigroup analyses, and sample
size powering based on expected variances and differences between groups.
Inclusions and exclusions: Specific criteria for inclusions and exclusions must be specified. For example, only animals where blood flow reductions
fall below a certain threshold are included. Or only animals with a certain degree of neurological deficits are included.
Once animals are randomized (see below), all excluded animals must be reported, including explicit presentation of mortality
rates.
Randomization, allocation concealment and blinding: All animals must be randomized. Investigators responsible for surgical procedures or drug treatments must be blinded. End
point assessments must be performed by investigators blinded to the groups for which each animal is assigned.
UpdatedDecember 2015:Any submitted meta-analyses should follow the PRISMA or MOOSE guidelines. The authors must clearly state in the Methods section
which guideline was followed. Details on PRISMA can be found here.Details on MOOSE can be found here.
Results: This section should succinctly report the results of experimental studies and clinical research or clinical series/observations.
Discussion: This section should not reiterate the results but put the results in appropriate context regarding relevant literature and
the importance of new observations contained in the manuscript.
Summary/Conclusions: A brief paragraph summarizing the results and their importance may be included but is not required.
Acknowledgments
The acknowledgments section lists all substantive contributions of individuals. Authors should obtain written, signed permission
from all individuals who are listed in the “Acknowledgments” section of the manuscript, because readers may infer their endorsement
of data and conclusions. These permissions must be provided to the Editorial Office. Please see the Acknowledgment Permission Form. The corresponding author must mark the following statement on the ONLINE ONLY Copyright Transfer Agreement form or Licensing
Agreement, certifying that (1) all persons who have made substantial contributions in the manuscript (e.g., data collection,
analysis, or writing or editing assistance), but who do not fulfill authorship criteria, are named with their specific contributions
in the Acknowledgments section of the manuscript; (2) all persons named in the Acknowledgments section have provided the corresponding
author with written permission to be named in the manuscript; and (3) if an Acknowledgments section is not included, no other
persons have made substantial contributions to this manuscript.
Sources of Funding
Authors must list all sources of research support relevant to the manuscript in this location. All grant funding agency abbreviations
should be completely spelled out, with the exception of the NIH. Note that funding should be listed separately from disclosures.
Disclosures
Authors must state disclosures in the manuscript text prior to first review and provide disclosures online when submitting
a revision or upon request after acceptance. Disclosures stated in the text must match the online disclosures. If you have no disclosures, please state "Disclosures: None" in the manuscript text before the references. Conflicts of interest
pertain to relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or other corporations whose products
or services are related to the subject matter of the article. Such relationships include, but are not limited to, employment
by an industrial concern, ownership of stock, membership on a standing advisory council or committee, being on the board of
directors, or being publicly associated with the company or its products. Other areas of real or perceived conflict of interest
could include receiving honoraria or consulting fees or receiving grants or funds from such corporations or individuals representing
such corporations. The corresponding author should collect Conflict of Interest information from all co-authors before submitting
a manuscript online.
References
Accuracy of reference data is the author's responsibility. Verify all entries against original sources, especially journal titles, inclusive page numbers, publication dates, accents,
diacritical marks, and spelling in languages other than English.
Personal communications, unpublished observations, and submitted manuscripts must be cited in the text, not in the references,
as "([name(s)], unpublished data, 20XX)."
References must be from a full-length publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Abstracts may be cited only if they are the sole source and must be identified in the references as "Abstract."
"In-press" citations must have been accepted for publication and the name of the journal or book publisher included. Please
provide acopy of any potentially overlapping manuscript that has been submitted to another journal or is in press or published
elsewhere.
Example of a journal reference:
Mith AR, Asai Y, Kim M, Dirk TR, Karrus HF, Yang YS, et al. This is the title. Stroke. 2014;30:2407–2408.
Examples of online journal references:
Nakagawa T, Hasegawa Y, Uekawa K, Ma M, Katayama T, Sueta D, et al. Renal Denervation Prevents Stroke and Brain Injury via
Attenuation of Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Rats. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2:e000375.
Stroke Unit Trialists' Collaboration. Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2013,9:CD000197.
Example of a publish-ahead-of-print reference:
Authors. Article Title. [published online ahead of print November 8, 2014].Stroke.2014. URL. Accessed November 20, 2014.
Example of a book chapter reference:
Amstand RR, Smithy RS, Kim LY. Chapter Title. In: Wong YT, Khan S, eds. Book Title. 3rd Ed. New York, NY: Publisher Name; 2009:456–464.
Example of a website reference:
CDC Chronic Disease Indicators: Indicator Definition. Hospitalization for cerebrovascular accident or stroke. National Center
for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion web site. ?IndicatorDefinitionID=83.
AccessedNovember 23, 2010.
Web sites generally follow this format: Author names (if any). Title of information or page. Name of website. URL. Publication
date (if any). Access date.
Example of a Software Manual Reference:
StataCorp. Stata statistical software: Release 12. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2011.
Example of a Government Bulletin:
Author. Title of bulletin. Place of publication: Name of issuing department or agency; publication date. Page numbers (if
any). Publication number (if any). Series number (if any).
Example of a Database reference:
CANCERNET-PDQ [database online]. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 1996. Updated March 29, 1996.
Figure Legends
Provide figure legends on a separate page of the manuscript.
Permission is required for allimages that are reused or adapted from another source. To obtain permission, please follow
the instructions provided by the copyright holder or listed in the license agreement. This includes Creative Commons material;
please refer to for more information about properly crediting Creative Commons sources. Follow the copyright holder or licensor's requirements
for credit attributions and provide them in thefigure legend. If no language is provided in the permission letter, use the
following sample: Reprinted from Lin et al,19with permission from Science Publishing. Copyright 2013, American Science Society.
Tables
Each table must be typed on a separate sheet and double-spaced, if possible. The table number should be Arabic, followed by
a period and a brief informative title.
Use the same size type as in text.
Tables should be cell-based (i.e., constructed using Microsoft Word tables or Excel). Do not use tabs or hard returns. Do
not supply tables as graphics.
Tables should be used to present comparisons of large amounts of data at a glance. Tables with only 1 or 2 rows of data should
be incorporated into the text.
Internal headings are not permitted outside of the stub column. If internal headings are required, the table should be split
into 2 tables.
Permission is required for all tablesthat are reused or adapted from another source. To obtain permission, please follow
the instructions provided by the copyright holder or listed in the license agreement.Follow the copyright holder or licensor's
requirements for credit attributions and provide them in thetable footnote. If no language is provided in the permission
letter, use the following sample: Reprinted from Yang et al,14with permission from Smith Publishing. Copyright 2012, American Society of Medical Research.
Figures
The combined total number of figures and tables is limited to 6 (3 for Brief Reports). Each figure may contain up to 4 panels
(i.e., parts A to D) and must conform to the requirements for figures described below.
Authors should be pleased with the figure submission quality before submission. We recommend that you print the figure at
its final publication size to check the quality.
Updated October 2015:Figures should be submitted as high-resolution TIFF or EPS files. PowerPoint files are discouraged because elements within the figure (such as axis labels) may shift location or drop out during conversion. If there are no
other options, then a PPT file may be accepted. JPEG, Word, and Excel files should not be used. See Artwork and Table Guidelines (PDF) for instructions for creating high-quality digital art.
Figures should be supplied at the highest resolution possible for optimal clarity. Color figures should be at least 300 dpi;
halftones, 600 dpi; and line art, 1200 dpi.
Updated October 2015: Figures should be submitted at the final publication size. Please note that most figures will be sized at 1 column wide.
Dimensions for figures are:
1 column: 3.25 inches wide (8 cm or 19.5 picas)
2 columns: 6.80 inches wide (17.272 cm or 40.8 picas)
Color figures should be in RGB (red/green/blue) mode. If a figure is supplied in CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow/black) mode, there
may be a shift in the appearance of colors, especially fluorescents. Figures that will appear in black and white should be
submitted in black and white.
For line and bar graphs and pie charts, ensure that the colors/lines/symbols used for the different sets of data are easily
distinguishable. Hair lines are hard to reproduce as are lines that are too thick, as they may make it hard to distinquish
between the coordinates.
Use the largest font size possible without distorting the figures. Text for super- or subscripts should be no smaller than
6 points.
Whenever possible, all text within a figure should be the same size. If this is not possible, the font size should vary by
no more than 2 points.
If the figure is reprinted/adapted from another source, please provide a permission letter and include the source in the legend
as noted above.
Supply a scale bar with photomicrographs.
Authors are responsible for the cost of printing color illustrations. Authors are also responsible for obtaining from the
copyright holder permission to reproduce previously published artwork. Authors can check guidelines online at under Artwork and Table Guidelines (PDF).
See AMA, 10th edition, Section 4.2 for more information on figures.
Online Supplements
This optional section provides an opportunity for authors to present supporting materials to the manuscript. The manuscript
appears both in the print version and online, whereas Online Supplements are independent from the manuscript and appear only
online in the format submitted by the authors. Online Supplements undergo peer review and therefore must be submitted simultaneously
with original submissions.
Any collaborators who need to be cross-referenced in PubMed should be listed either as authors or, for study groups, in the
main manuscript file as an Appendix. This information is included in the word count.Ifcontributors do not need to be listed as authors or cross-referenced in PubMed, then they may be included in a PDF Data
Supplement to the manuscript.
Online Supplements may consist of any of the following, in any combination: the expanded materials and methods; additional
figures and supporting information; additional tables and supporting information; and, video files.
The guidelines below should be used for online supplements:
Material to be published as an online only supplement should be uploaded online as a single PDF. An exception to this would
be if the online supplement is a video file.
The online supplement should have a title page with the label of ONLINE SUPPLEMENT above the title. The supplemental material
to be included in this PDF is as follows: Supplemental Methods, Supplemental Tables, Supplemental Figures and Figure Legends,
and Supplemental References. If applicable, the legends for the Video files should also be included in this PDF.
The online supplement should be single-spaced.
If citations are made in the Online Supplement, the Online Supplement must contain its own independent Reference Section with
references numbered sequentially, beginning with reference 1, even if some of these references duplicate those in the print
version.
Data Supplements appear only online and will not appear in reprints of the article. The Editorial Office is not responsible
for converting files to a suitable format.
Instructions for Revised Submissions
In the top right-hand corner, indicate the manuscript number followed by R1 to denote a first revision.
Please provide a copy of the revised text with changes marked in the text using either track changes or highlighting.
In your written response to the reviewers' comments, give the page number(s), paragraph(s), and line number(s) where each
revision was made.
Respond to each referee's comments, indicating precisely the changes made in response to the critiques. Also give reasons
for suggested changes that were not implemented, and identify additional changes made.
Revisions not received within 60 days from the date of the decision letterwill be administratively withdrawn. For further
consideration the manuscript must be resubmitted de novo. At the editors' discretion, and in cases where substantial new data
are required, extensions may be granted for revisions. In such cases, every effort will be made to retain the original reviewers.
Upload signed Acknowledgement permission forms, if applicable. Please see the Acknowledgment Permission Form. (Note: The lead author is responsible for collecting these and indicating such on the Copyright Transfer Agreement or Licensing
Agreement.)
Authorship Responsibility and Copyright Transfer Agreement Forms (and Licensing Agreements for Original Contributions) are
online only. Forms will be required prior to resubmission. The corresponding author selects the agreement type on first submission;please
review and confirm your options amongst your coauthors.It is NOT possible to change publishing agreements after an article
is published.Please notify the Editorial Office immediately if any changes are needed.
Open Access
Stroke now offers an open access option for full-length, Original Contributions. The corresponding author may select an open access
option during the first submission of the manuscript. Please review the options here: All authors will be required to complete the same agreement if the manuscript is accepted. All agreements are completed
at the revision stage.
Journal Standards
Guidelines for Human Phenotype–Genotype Association or Linkage Studies:
Reporting issues
Report process for selecting genes and SNPs.
Report Hardy-Weinberg statistics or P values and method of calculating same.
Refer to existing public domain websites for the Human Gene Ontology name and the rs number for SNPs.
Describe genotyping methods. If numerous primers have been used, please include them in an online supplement.
False-positive and false-negative concerns. Given well-described problems with both false-positive and false-negative associations,
phenotype–genotype association studies should meet some or all of the criteria below:
Phenotype is clearly defined, is heritable, and if a quantitative phenotype is reported, reproducibility data are provided.
The sample size is adequate to detect a SNP or haplotype with a modest effect. For genotype-trait associations, provide an
estimate of the effect size that could be detected with power 0.80 or higher with the allele frequency and sample size reported.
Since multiple statistical testing methods are frequently used in genotyping-phenotyping studies, please include specifics
of the primary model(s) tested. Nonessential secondary models may be published as electronic data supplements. Clinically
relevant confounders should be included in multivariable models or residuals.
Review criteria for human linkage studies. Manuscripts should include the following:
Guidelines for Genomic and Proteomic Studies:
Preparation of Data Submitted: Data should follow the MIAME checklist (for more information see ).
Accessibility of Data: Authors of papers that include genomic, proteomic, or other high-throughput data are required to make
their data easily accessible for the reviewers and the editors during the review process.
You may submit your data to the NCBI gene expression and hybridization array data repository (GEO, ) and provide the GEO accession number; or,
You may provide a link to a secure or publicly accessible Web site which hosts the data. Prior to publication, the data must
be submitted and an accession number obtained. Access to the information in the database must be available at the time of
publication. GEO has a Web-based submission route, suitable for a small number of samples, or a batch submission tool (called
SOFT). GEO is accessible from The submission FAQ is available at ( )
Guidelines for Proteins and Nucleic Acid Sequences:
Newly reported nucleotide or protein sequences must be deposited in GenBank or EMBL databases, and an accession number must
be obtained. Access to the information in the database must be available at the time of publication. Authors are responsible
for arranging release of data at the time of publication. The authors must also provide a statement in the manuscript that
this sequence has been scanned against the database and all sequences with significant relatedness to the new sequence identified
(and their accession numbers included in the text of the manuscript).
GenBank
GenBank Submissions
National Center for Biotechnology Information
8600 Rockville Pike, Building 38A
Room 8N-805
Bethesda, MD 20894
Tel: (301) 496-2475
On the web at:
EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Submissions
European Bioinformatics Institute
Hinxton Hall
Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
Tel.: 44-1223-494401; Fax: 44-1223-494472
e-mail: support{at}ebi.ac.uk
On the web at:
DNA Data Bank of Japan
Center for Information Biology
National Institute of Genetics
Mishima, Shizuoka, 411, Japan
Tel.: 81-559-81-6853; Fax: 81-559-81-6849
On the web at:
Submission to any data bank is sufficient to ensure entry in all.
Journal Policies
Compliance with NIH and Other Research Funding Agency Accessibility Requirements
Several research funding agencies now require or request authors to submit the post-print (the article after peer review and
acceptance but not the final published article) to a repository that is accessible online by all without charge. Within medical
research, 3 funding agencies in particular have announced such policies:
The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) requires authors to deposit post-prints of articles, which have received NIH funding,
in its repository PubMed Central (PMC). This deposit should be done within the 12 months after publication of the final article
in the journal.
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) requires, as a condition of research grants, deposit in PMC, but within 6 months
after publication of the final article.
The Wellcome Trust requires, as a condition of research grants, deposit in UK PMC within 6 months after publication of the
final article.
As a service to authors, the Publisher (Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) of the AHA journals will identify
to PMC articles that require depositing. The Copyright Transfer Agreement provides the primary mechanism for identifying such
articles. The AHA also requests that, during the submission process in eJournal Press, funding is indicated.
WKH/LWW will transmit the post-print of an article, which is based on research funded in whole or in part by 1 or more of
these 3 agencies, to PMC.
On NIH request, it remains the legal responsibility of the author(s) to confirm with the NIH the provenance of their manuscript
for purposes of deposit.
Author(s) will not deposit their articles themselves.
Author(s) will not alter the post-print already transmitted to NIH.
Author(s) will not authorize the display of the post-print prior to:
12 months after publication of the final article, in the case of NIH,
6 months after publication of the final article, in the case of HHMI and the Wellcome Trust
For more information, please visit PMC.
Guidelines for Clinical Trials
In accordance with the Clinical Trial Registration Statement from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE ) (N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2734-2736), all clinical trials submitted for publication in Stroke must be registered in a public trials registry at or before the onset of participant enrollment. This requirement applies
to all clinical trials that begin enrollment after July 1, 2005.
Research is considered to be a clinical trial if it involves prospective assignment of human subjects to an intervention or
comparison group to study the relation between a health-related intervention and a health outcome. Health-related interventions
include any intervention used to modify a biomedical or health-related outcome (for example, drugs, surgical procedures, devices,
behavioral treatments, dietary interventions, and process-of-care changes). Health outcomes include any biomedical or health-related
measures obtained in patients or participants, including pharmacokinetic measures and adverse events. As previously, purely
observational studies (those in which the assignment of the medical intervention is not at the discretion of the investigator)
will not require registration.
Those who are uncertain whether their trial meets the expanded ICMJE definition should err on the side of registration if
they wish to seek publication.
The registry must be accessible to the public at no charge, searchable, open to all prospective registrants, and managed by
a not-for-profit organization. The registry must include the following information: a unique identifying number, a statement
of the intervention(s), study hypothesis, definition of primary and secondary outcome measurements, eligibility criteria,
target number of subjects, funding source, contact information for the principal investigator, and key dates (registration
date, start date, and completion date). The registries listed below are approved by the ICMJE:
Clinical trials may be listed with other registries, but these registries must meet the above-mentioned requirements.
The authors will be requested to provide the exact URL and unique identification number for the trial registration at the
time of submission. This information will be published in a footnote on the first page of the article.
Clinical trial reports should also comply with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and include a flow diagram presenting the enrollment, intervention allocation, follow-up, and data analysis with number
of subjects for each. Please also refer specifically to the CONSORT Checklist of items to include when reporting a randomized
clinical trial.
Results posted in the same clinical trials registry in which the primary registration resides will not be considered prior
publication if they are presented in the form of a brief abstract (500 words or fewer) or a table.
Embargo Policy
Please review our complete, revised embargo policy at The statements below include only part of our policy. Companies/corporate sponsors of studies,news media, andAHA/ASA Scientific
Statements and Guidelines Writing Committee membersshould refer to the complete policy. Those with questions about Sessions
embargoes should also refer to the complete policy.
Embargo Policies for Researchers/Scientists/Spokespersons:
Abstracts or manuscripts accepted for presentation at AHA/ASA scientific meetings or to be published in an AHA journal may
not be presented at other meetings or published in other journals prior to the embargo time set by the AHA/ASA.
Any researcher associated with an abstract being presented at an AHA/ASA scientific meeting or with a manuscript being published
in an AHA journal must comply with the embargo policies of the AHA/ASA. Researchers may not distribute embargoed written or
visual information (slides, manuscript, etc.) to the news media prior to expiration of the embargo period; however, they are
allowed to conduct embargoed media interviews as long as the embargo date and time are emphasized to the news media. The researcher’s
institution may issue an embargoed release on non-late-breaking studies but they are not allowed to issue any embargoed information on late-breaking trials being presented at AHA/ASA scientific meetings (see Embargo
Policies for Medical Institutions/Universities).
If the news media breaks an embargo as a result of a researcher conducting an embargoed interview or as the result of their
public relations department /agency or institution providing them with written or visual information, the researcher risks
having his study pulled from being published or presented at an AHA/ASA scientific meeting. No individual, institution, agency
or organization, other than the AHA/ASA, may distribute written or visual media materials relating to the scientific information
prior to the AHA/ASA embargo time.
Failure to honor embargoes may also jeopardize future acceptance of studies and/or exhibition at AHA/ASA scientific meetings
or acceptance of manuscripts for publication in AHA scientific journals.
Researchers who are co-authors of a study to be presented at an AHA/ASA news conference may attend a news conference as guests
as long as their name appears on the abstract being presented at the news conference.
Embargo Policies for Medical Institutions/Universities/Health Organizations
Studies published in AHA/ASA journals: Universities, medical institutions and health organizations who are involved in a study may distribute their own embargoed
news releases 2 business days prior to the embargo and authors of studies and representatives from the institution may conduct
embargoed media interviews during the embargo period. However, no one other than AHA is allowed to issue embargoed media materials pertaining to scientific statements, guidelines
or late-breaking clinical trials.
Scientific statements and guidelines: Universities, medical institutions or health organizations are notallowed to issue/distribute embargoed news releases or other information about AHA/ASA scientific statements or guidelines
prior to embargo.
Late-breaking clinical trials presented at AHA/ASA scientific meetings: Universities, medical institutions or health organizations may not issue any embargoed news releases or other information prior to the embargo. The embargo time for late-breaking trials is
at the beginning of the plenary session at an AHA/ASA scientific meeting. However, since AHA provides the news media with
embargoed information on late-breaking clinical trials, representatives from universities, medical institutions or health
organizations may conduct embargoed interview upon receiving media requests.
No individual, institution, agency or organization, other than the AHA/ASA, may distribute the study’s manuscript, abstract
or presentation materials, such as slides, that include specific information about the study prior to the AHA/ASA embargo
time. Media must contact the AHA/ASA News Media relations office at 214-706-1173 or ahamediarelations{at}heart.org to request manuscripts or presentation materials.
Universities and medical institutions must alert the AHA/ASA News Media Relations Dept about their release by providing the
name of the study, the lead/first author’s name and the journal or meeting where the study is being published or presented.
AHA asks that the universities/medical institutions include the name of the AHA journal where the study is being published
or the name of the AHA’s scientific meeting where the study is being presented in their news release. The news release along
with the author information should be sent to AHA/ASA News Media Relations Dept. at newsreleasenotifications{at}heart.org or call (214) 706-1173.
Upon request, AHA/ASA may make the institution/university/organization’s embargoed news release available in the news conference/media
briefing room as well as the working newsroom for studies presented at an AHA/ASA scientific meeting news conference or embargoed
media briefing. For AHA/ASA scientific meetings, the embargo time for a late-breaking study is the beginning of the late-breaking plenary session. For a non-late-breaking studies, the embargo time is time of presentation or news conference, whichever comes first.
Universities, medical institutions and health organizations who need to confirm embargo dates and times should contact AHA/ASA
News Media Relations Dept (214) 706-1173 or (SMR EMAIL).
Universities, medical institutions and health organizations must obtain specific study information from the researcher. AHA/ASA
will only provide the embargo date and time and will not provide anyone with study information unless the researcher contacts
the AHA/ASA asking them to provide the information.
Universities, medical institutions and health organizations whose information is being presented at an AHA/ASA scientific
meeting may not conduct any embargoed promotional media activities other than sending out an embargoed news release and conducting individual
embargoed media interviews. Promotional media activities refer to any activity that may involve multiple news media outlets,
including media briefings/news conferences, satellite media tours, corporate receptions, investigator meetings, etc.
At AHA Scientific Sessions, universities and medical institutions may register to have their media materials displayed in
the Industry Newsroom for a fee (see Industry Newsroom section for more information).
If media break an embargo as a result of a university, medical institution or health organization issuing information or conducting
an interview, the AHA/ASA may enforce sanctions against the reporter/media outlet, the researcher/scientist and university/institution/company
as appropriate.
Questions about media embargoes should be directed to Karen Astle, Communications Manager, Science Media Operations Public
and Media Relations, AHA National Center, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231-4596; Tel: 214-706-1392; Email: karen.astle{at}heart.org.
Although the Editorial Office will endeavor to notify authors of the anticipated publication date/time, neither the Editorial
Office nor the AHA/ASA will be responsible for any consequences of early online posting with regard to the intellectual property
rights. To safeguard their intellectual property, authors should ensure that appropriate reports of invention and patent applications
have been filed before the manuscript is accepted.
Permissions
Requests for permission to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally published in Stroke can be obtained via Rightslink (a service of the Copyright Clearance Center), not the Editorial Office. All permission requests are now processed via the Rightslink online system. Steps for obtaining permission include:
On Stroke's home page, either search for the article using the Search feature or locate a copy of the article in the online archives for which you are requesting permission.
Next, select the Full Text or PDF version of the article.
Then, locate the "Request Permissions" link in the menu on the right side of the Web page (under "Services"). A new Web browser
will open, which is Rightslink.
Follow the step-by-step instructions in Rightslink for requesting permission by:
Further information can be found in the Permissions and Rights Instructions
Note: For AHA/ASA Scientific Statements and Guidelines, permission to reprint, modify, alter, enhance, copy, or distribute this
content must be obtained from the American Heart Association. Instructions are located at ?id entifier=4431 A link to the "Permission Request Form" appears on the right side of the Web page, in the "Related Items" box.
Change of Authorship
Stroke does NOT allow authorship changes post-acceptance. Prior to acceptance, authorship changes are allowed upon submission of
any manuscript revision. All authorship changes must be approved by all authors via the submission of a signed Change of Authorship form. Additionally, removal of an author requires a letter stating the reason for removal and must be signed by the author to
be removed.
Redundant Publication
Manuscripts submitted to Stroke should conform to “Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals” except as indicated otherwise in the instructions below.
Manuscripts submitted to Stroke should not contain material previously published in other publications, except as an abstract, and must not be currently
under consideration for publication in another journal. The editors of Stroke agree with the principles of the HEART Group regarding redundant publication (Circulation. 1997;96:1. Cardiovascular News: “HEART Group Notification Regarding Redundant Publication”). Redundant publication is publication
of a paper that overlaps substantially with one already published. When submitting a paper, authors should make a full statement
to the editor about all submissions and previous reports that might be regarded as redundant publication of the same or similar
work. The authors should alert the editor if the work includes subjects about whom a previous report has been published. Copies
of such material should be included with the submitted paper to help the editor decide how to handle the matter. If redundant
publication is attempted without such notification, authors should expect editorial action to be taken; at the least, rejection
of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-Interest Policy
Original manuscripts authored or coauthored by the Editor-in-Chief and/or any of the Associate Editors are handled by a Consulting
Editor, who makes all decisions about the manuscript (including choice of referees and ultimate acceptance or rejection).
The entire process is handled confidentially. All manuscripts submitted from the Editor-in-Chief's home institution are also
handled entirely by a Consulting Editor. Manuscripts from an Associate Editor's institution can be handled by the Editor or
another Associate Editor as long as those individuals are not from the same institution. Additionally, the Editor-in-Chief
and/or Associate Editors may, from time to time, refer a manuscript to a Consulting Editor to avoid a real or reasonably perceived
conflict of interest.
Original research manuscripts authored or coauthored by a collaborator who has published with the Editor-in-Chief within 3
years at time of submission will be handled by a Consulting or Guest Editor. Original research manuscripts authored or coauthored
by a collaborator who has published with an Associate Editor within 3 years at time of submission cannot be handled by that
Associate Editor. Coauthors on government or society-initiated guidelines and scientific statements will not, for the purpose
of this policy, be considered collaborators.
The AHA Conflict of Interest Policy contains the full conflict of interest policy.
Preliminary Reports
The editors discourage submission of preliminary reports that describe a standardized design and progress to date. The editors
will not consider publication of such studies unless the article describes new and innovative methodology and/or reports data
that might be used independently by other groups in planning similar studies. If a preliminary report is submitted, authors
should specify inclusion of material that meets the guidelines of this policy.
Disclaimer
Statements, opinions, and results of studies published in Stroke are those of the authors and do not reflect the policy or position of the American Heart Association, and the American Heart
Association provides no warranty as to their accuracy or reliability.
Links to Forms and Policies
Acknowledgment Permission Form
Change of Authorship Form (PDF)
Journal Subject Terms
Open Access Frequently Asked Questions
Artwork and Table Guidelines (PDF)
AHA Disclosure & Conflict of Interest Policy (PDF)
AHA Ethical Conduct Policy (PDF)
AHA/ASA News Room: Policies and Contacts
ICMJE site
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