公共卫生政策对巴基斯坦劳动力参与的影响：一种边限检测方法

发布时间：2023-10-29 12:28

　　人民的劳动力参与是国家经济增长和经济发展的普遍因素。目前,发展中国家的大多数人口都没有劳动力,导致该国的发展不足。本研究的主要目的是研究和预测巴基斯坦劳动力参与公共卫生政策的短期和长期关系。该研究选择了八个指标来深入衡量巴基斯坦的公共卫生政策。这八项指标在公共政策中被认为是最合适的,因为它涵盖了与健康有关的问题,主要是教育、经济问题和个人收入等问题。更高级的劳动力是巴基斯坦经济发展的引擎。由于劳动力与巴基斯坦国内生产总值增长率存在正相关关系,它促进了经济扩张并增加了该国的国内生产总值。此外,该研究依赖于从世界发展指标(WDI)和巴基斯坦统计局收集的四十五年(1972-2016)期间的时间序列数据,这有助于全面描述劳动力参与的情况。该研究使用自回归分布滞后(ARDL).和绑定测试来确定短期和长期关系。此外,该研究还使用累积残差和(CUSUM)和残差平方累积和(CUSUMSQ)来确定发现的稳定性。研究结果表明,大多数解释变量与该国的劳动力参与有显著的短期和长期关系。具体而言,年龄依赖、卫生支出、中学入学率、贸易开放度和资本形成总额是影响该国劳动力供给的最普遍因素。此外,通过CUSUM和CU...

【文章页数】：148 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
GLOSSAARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter 1
    1.1 ntroduction
    1.2 Labor force participation
        1.2.1 abor Force Participation in Pakistan
        1.2.2 Poor Labor Force and high Unemployment in Pakistan
        1.2.3 Labor Force participation and Economic Growth
    1.3 Endogeneity of Health
    1.4 Public Health policy and Pakistan
    1.5 Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan
    1.6 Composition of Working Female in Pakistan
    1.7 Background of the Study
    1.8 Problem Statement or Personal Motivation of the Study
    1.9 Research Questions of the Study
    1.10 Objectives of the Study
    1.11 Expected Contribution
        1.11.1 Theoretical Contribution
        1.11.2 Practical Contribution
    1.12 Chapter to Come
    1.13 Summary
Chapter 2 Literature Review
    2.1 ntroduction
    2.2 Theoretical Foundation of The Study
        2.2.1 Human Capital Theory
    2.3 Empherical Support
        2.3.1 Health Expenditure and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.2 Education and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.3 Population/Physician Per Bed-Doctors and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.4 Trade Openness and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.5 Infant Mortality Rate and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.6 Life Expectancy and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.7 Age Dependency and Labor Force Participation
    2.4 Gross Capital Formation and Labor Force Participation
        2.4.1 Evidence from Pakistan
    2.5 Proposed Hypotheses of The Study
    2.6 Summary
Chapter 3 Methodology of The Study
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Nature of The Study
        3.2.1 Research Philosophy and Paradigm
    3.3 The Variables
        3.3.1 Dependent Variable
            3.3.1.1 Labor Force Participation
        3.3.2 Independent Variables (Health Inputs)
            3.3.2.1 Health Expenditure
            3.3.2.2 Population Per Bed Doctor
            3.3.2.3 Age Dependency
            3.3.2.4 Life Expectancy at Birth
            3.3.2.5 Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)
            3.3.2.6 Trade Openness (TO)
            3.3.2.7 Gross Capital Formation
            3.3.2.8 Secondary School Enrollment
    3.4 The Data
    3.5 Population of The Study
    3.6 Statistical Tools
        3.6.1 Autocorrelation or Serial Correlation
        3.6.2 Model of The Study
        3.6.3 Testing for Unit Root (Measure Stationarity)
        3.6.4 Johansen Co-integration Test
        3.6.5 The Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) Model
        3.6.6 Model Selection (Akaike Information Criterion AIC)
        3.6.7 The Diagnostic and Stability test
        3.6.8 Granger Causality Test
        3.6.9 Variance Decomposition and Impulse Response Function
    3.7 Summary
Chapter 4 Results of The Study
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Descriptive Statistics:
    4.3 Correlation Matrix
    4.4 Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL)
    4.5 The Bound ARDL test
    4.6 The result of the Model Selection,Akaike information criterion (AIC)
    4.7 Result of the Stability Test
    4.8 Result of the Stationarity Test
    4.9 Variance Decomposition of The Study
    4.10 Hypothesis Testing of The Study
    4.11 Summary
Chapter 5 Discussion,Expected Contributions,Conclusion and Limitation of The Study
    5.1 Introduction
        5.1.1 Discussion
        5.1.2 Conclusion
        5.1.3 Implication of The Study
        5.1.4 Limitation of The Study
References
Acknowledgements
List of Publications



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