谁该为1453年君士坦丁堡战役的失败负责

发布时间：2018-04-23 04:02

本文选题：拜占廷 + 君士坦丁堡战役　；参考：《史学月刊》2015年01期

【摘要】：1453年君士坦丁堡战役作为世界史上最重大的事件之一,学界历来十分关注,但多种史料都将此次战役失败的责任归罪于指挥城防的热那亚人乔万尼。亲历者留下的记载虽然立场不同,但在这一点上说法大同小异,而后世研究者的论述也因此区别不大。事实上,作为热那亚雇佣兵的领袖,乔万尼在战役最后阶段根本无法抵抗住数十万土耳其大军的猛烈攻击,战败之责不应归于他,而应归于拜占廷帝国末代皇帝。在帝国末期,拜占廷军队已经放弃了守土自卫的重任,雇佣兵在拜占廷内外战争中成为主力,最后一仗战败的军事责任应该由末代皇帝君士坦丁及其王朝承担。
[Abstract]:The Battle of Constantinople in 1453, as one of the most important events in world history, has always been of great concern to scholars, but many historical materials have blamed Giovanni of Genoa, who commanded the defense of the city, for the failure of the battle. Although the records left by the witnesses are different, there is little difference on this point, and there is no difference between the later researchers. In fact, as the leader of the Genoa mercenaries, Giovanni was unable to withstand the fierce attack of hundreds of thousands of Turkish troops at the end of the battle, and the defeat was not his fault, but the last emperor of the Byzantine Empire. By the end of the Empire, Byzantine troops had given up the responsibility of defending the land, and mercenaries had become the main force in the Byzantine and internal wars, and the military responsibility for the defeat of the last battle should be borne by the last emperor Constantine and his dynasty.
【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“拜占廷历史与文化研究”(14ZDB061)
【分类号】：K134

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