再论亚历山大二世与俄国1861年农民改革

发布时间：2018-06-06 14:40

本文选题：亚历山大二世 + 年改革　；参考：《外国问题研究》2016年04期

【摘要】：亚历山大二世启动农民改革的背景并非农奴制经济危机和农民暴动,而是农奴制的思想危机和克里米亚战争后的政治危机。改革的思想、机构、策略等都继承了19世纪上半期俄国政府在农民问题上的政策。亚历山大二世在改革中发挥了主持者和平衡者的作用。他违背贵族的意愿,让他们成为改革的发起者,维护了贵族与皇权的平衡。在土地和赎买问题上,他要求平衡地主与农民利益。在围绕改革的政治斗争中,他一方面维护最高意志的权威性,另一方面他的个人立场模棱两可,导致改革派和保守派的斗争变为争夺沙皇支持的斗争。
[Abstract]:The background in which Alexander II initiated the peasant reform was not the economic crisis of serfdom and peasant riots, but the ideological crisis of serfdom and the political crisis after the Crimean War. The ideas, institutions and tactics of reform inherited the policy of the Russian government on peasant issues in the first half of the 19th century. Alexander II played the role of moderator and balancer in the reform. Against the wishes of the aristocrats, he made them the initiators of the reform and maintained the balance between nobility and imperial power. In the matter of land and redemption, he demanded a balance between the interests of the landlords and the peasants. In the political struggle over reform, on the one hand, he maintained the authority of the supreme will, on the other hand, his personal position was ambiguous, leading to the struggle between reformists and conservatives turning into a struggle for the support of the czar.
【作者单位】：吉林大学东北亚研究院;
【分类号】：K512.41

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