西方哲学中的主体思想和毛泽东的主体观

  本文关键词：西方哲学中的主体思想和毛泽东的主体观，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

西方哲学中的主体思想和毛泽东的主体观

西方哲学中的主体思想和毛泽东的主体观

主体的研究,自古是哲学研究的基本不足之一。古希腊从自然哲学开始,经过了主体的渐渐觉醒,最终认识到人在已知世界中的主导地位。西方哲学关于主体的研究经历了几个不同的时期：古希腊哲学,是主体性尚未觉醒的时期。中世纪是哲学的黑暗时期,神性代替了全部的人性。文艺复兴时期,恢复了人的地位。近代哲学高举理性的旗帜：作为理性的起点和终点有一个“自我”,笛卡尔的“我思故我在”、康德那个先验的“我”、甚至黑格尔的绝对自我,都是在从理性的角度来为世界寻求解释。康德的哥白尼革命,正是从以往的关注客体到关注主体的转变。马克思主义隶属于西方哲学的传统,但又与其相区别,马克思通过自己的经历与认识,形成了一个以实践的人为基础的庞大的哲学体系。这正是成熟时期毛泽东思想的主要来源。毛泽东思想处在整个哲学的大流变中,同时也是历史的真实写照。中华民族的革命斗争在反帝与反封建之间风生水起。在国际环境中,毛泽东思想继承了马克思主义关于共产主义思想的优良传统,构成了其思想的主体。同时,生活在积贫积弱、社会矛盾重重的旧中国,毛泽东思想不可避开的受到了中国传统思想以及救国图存,许多激进思想的影响。在青年毛泽东时期,他的思想深受中国传统哲学的影响,尤其是宋明理学,包含着强烈的唯心主义成分。青年时期的毛泽东思想并非始终如一,其中有一个转变,最初毛泽东思想以“无我论”为主,后来逐渐倾向“唯我论”。而事实上,无我论和唯我论最后在毛泽东那里得到了调节。在精神上,他认为人的天性是由宇宙真理所赋予,而在现实生活中,秉承天理的每个个人,才是组成社会的基本硕博在线论文网素。1920年,毛泽东逐渐转变成一个马克思主义者。在思想上,也无疑是一次颠覆性的巨变。他抛弃了以前的唯心主义观点,在理论和实践上接受了唯物辩证法。他的主体观简言之：人是世界的主体。但在认识和改造客观世界的时候,也必须受到客体的限制。这是典型的马克思主义的主体观。

【Abstract】 The research of juche has always been one of the fundamental problems in the study of philosophy. From the beginning of the natural philosophy and the awakening of the juche, Greeks finally realized that peoples are in the leading position??in the known world. The study of juche in western philosophy has gone through several distinct periods:Greek philosophy, period of unawakening juche. Medieval, period of eht philosophy dark days, the divine instead of all humanity. Renaaissance, period of restoring the rank of people. Modern philosophy, upraised the flag of rationalism: there has a "selfhood" as the starting point and end point of rationalism, Descartes’"I think,therefor,I exist", Kant’s??das transzendentale Ichall, even Hegel’s absolute self, are perspective from a rational explanation for the seek of world. Kant’s Copernican revolution, is the transform from concerned about the object to in past to concerned about the main.Marxist is under the tradition of western pholosophy but still has difference with it. Marx formed a large philosophy system based on the practice people through his own experience and unserstanding. This is the main sourse of Mao Zedong Thought in the mature stage.Mao Zedong Thought is in the changing of the entire philosophy, but also the ture portrayal of history.The revolutionary struggle of the chinese nation turns out a prestigious institution between the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal. Mao Zedong Thought inherited the fine tradition of the Marxism on the communist ideology in an international environment and constitute the main body of his thought. Simultaneously, it is inevitably affected by the traditional chinese thought and salvation and many radical ideas in the poor and social contradictions of old China. In the period of yound Mao Zedong, his thought deeply suffered in the influence of Chinese traditional philosophy, especially Neo-Confucianism, contains strong elements of idealism. Mao Zedong Thought in the young is not consistent and have a change, primely it was??mainly "non-self, afterwards it was、trending to "solipsism". In fact, non-self and solipsism are adjusted in Mao Zedong at last. In spirit, he believes that human nature is given by the truth of the universe, but in real life, each individual upholded justice, is composed the basic elements of social. In 1920, Mao Zedong gradually transformed into a Marxist. In terms of ideology, it is undoubtedly a disruptive changes. He abandoned the idealism of the previous view, and accepted the materialist dialectics in theory and practice. Short of his main concept:People is the main body of the world. But it must also be restricted by the object in the time of understanding and transforming the objective world. This is typically the subject view of Marxism.

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  本文关键词：西方哲学中的主体思想和毛泽东的主体观，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。