美国内战及南方重建时期联邦政府的三权制衡
发布时间：2021-03-05 23:06
分权制衡是西方传统政治思想体系的重要组成部分,如今仍然发挥其稳固政治根基的作用。追溯分权制衡的开端,始于英国哲学大师约翰·洛克。他坚信人人皆有与生俱来的权力,这些权力不仅仅包括人生,而且还包括个人自由和拥有财产的权力。他批驳了王权神授的观念,主张政府的权威只能建立在被统治者拥护的基础之上。他强调社会契约论,相信权力分散的原则;但同时认为立法机关应高于行政机关（因此也高于司法机关,他认为司法机关是行政机关的一部分）。孟德斯鸠是法国十八世纪政治哲学家,在其著作《论法的精神》里,他进一步发展和完善了洛克的分权学说,主张必须建立三权分立的政体,按照立法、行政、司法三权分立的原则组成国家,以防止滥用权力、形成专制。他还根据英国的政治制度说明各种权力之间的制衡关系,指明立法机关由两部分组成,可通过相互的反对权相互钳制,立法机关的两部分都受行政权的约束,而行政权亦受立法权的约束,彼此协调前进。本篇论文以上述理论传统为基础,探讨了分权制衡思想在美国政权建立、国家发展过程中的作用。论文依据美国建国之本——1789年美国宪法,对美国联邦国家政府体系之内三权的分立和它们各自的权力范围进行了研究。由此,以美国...
【文章来源】：对外经济贸易大学北京市 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：61 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF THE THESIS
1.2 METHODOLOGY
1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 THE EUROPEAN VOICES PRONOUNCING CHECKS AND BALANCES
2.1.1 John Locke’s idea of division of power
2.1.2 Montesquieu’s idea of checks and balances
2.2 THE VOICES OF THE CONSTITUTION FRAMERS
2.3 THE PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION
2.3.1 The distinct demarcation of the powers
2.3.2 The intertextures of the branches and checks of the powers
CHAPTER 3 THE OUTSET OF IMBALANCE BETWEEN THREE BRANCHES DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
3.1 THE ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE CIVIL WAR
3.1.1 The rapid economic development of the USA
3.1.2 The work ethics and the economic systems of the North and the South
3.2 THE POLITICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CIVIL WAR
3.2.1 The territorial expansion
3.2.2 The party politics before and during the Civil War
3.3 THE SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF THE CIVIL WAR
3.3.1 Issues over the slavery
3.3.2 Abolitionist Movement and its effects on the Civil War
3.4 THE EXECUTIVE ADMINISTRATION AND THE OUTSET OF IMBALANCE BETWEEN THREE BRANCHES
3.4.1 The executive administration of President Lincoln and Congress’s approval
3.4.2 The tension between the three branches and the dominant executive power
CHAPTER 4 THE INTENSIFICATION OF IMBALANCE DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF ANDREW JOHNSON AND REGAIN OF BALANCES IN THE LATER PERIOD
4.1 THE CHARACTER OF JOHNSON AND HIS PLAN OF RECONSTRUCTION
4.2 RECONSTRUCTION PLANS OF THE DEMOCRATS AND THE REPUBLICANS
4.3 THE DEMAND OF FREEDMEN
4.3.1 The demand for land
4.3.2 The demand for equal rights before the law
4.4 THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE BRANCHES
4.5 THE ATTEMPTS TO RESTRAIN AND REMOVE THE PRESIDENT
4.6 THE SUPREME COURT AND RECONSTRUCTION
4.6.1 The cases about the writ of habeas corpus
4.6.2 The cases of loyal oath-taking
4.6.3 The Legal Tender Cases
4.6.4 The matter of fixing a quorum of the Supreme Court
4.6.5 Return to power and prestige
CHAPTER 5 THE CONCLUSION
5.1 THE LATER DEVELOPMENT OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
5.2 THE RULE OF CHECKS AND BALANCES IN THE USA GOVERNMENT
5.3 THE SIGNIFICANCE AND LIMITATION OF THE THESIS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
本文编号：3066011
【文章来源】：对外经济贸易大学北京市 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：61 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF THE THESIS
1.2 METHODOLOGY
1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 THE EUROPEAN VOICES PRONOUNCING CHECKS AND BALANCES
2.1.1 John Locke’s idea of division of power
2.1.2 Montesquieu’s idea of checks and balances
2.2 THE VOICES OF THE CONSTITUTION FRAMERS
2.3 THE PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION
2.3.1 The distinct demarcation of the powers
2.3.2 The intertextures of the branches and checks of the powers
CHAPTER 3 THE OUTSET OF IMBALANCE BETWEEN THREE BRANCHES DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
3.1 THE ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE CIVIL WAR
3.1.1 The rapid economic development of the USA
3.1.2 The work ethics and the economic systems of the North and the South
3.2 THE POLITICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CIVIL WAR
3.2.1 The territorial expansion
3.2.2 The party politics before and during the Civil War
3.3 THE SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF THE CIVIL WAR
3.3.1 Issues over the slavery
3.3.2 Abolitionist Movement and its effects on the Civil War
3.4 THE EXECUTIVE ADMINISTRATION AND THE OUTSET OF IMBALANCE BETWEEN THREE BRANCHES
3.4.1 The executive administration of President Lincoln and Congress’s approval
3.4.2 The tension between the three branches and the dominant executive power
CHAPTER 4 THE INTENSIFICATION OF IMBALANCE DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF ANDREW JOHNSON AND REGAIN OF BALANCES IN THE LATER PERIOD
4.1 THE CHARACTER OF JOHNSON AND HIS PLAN OF RECONSTRUCTION
4.2 RECONSTRUCTION PLANS OF THE DEMOCRATS AND THE REPUBLICANS
4.3 THE DEMAND OF FREEDMEN
4.3.1 The demand for land
4.3.2 The demand for equal rights before the law
4.4 THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE BRANCHES
4.5 THE ATTEMPTS TO RESTRAIN AND REMOVE THE PRESIDENT
4.6 THE SUPREME COURT AND RECONSTRUCTION
4.6.1 The cases about the writ of habeas corpus
4.6.2 The cases of loyal oath-taking
4.6.3 The Legal Tender Cases
4.6.4 The matter of fixing a quorum of the Supreme Court
4.6.5 Return to power and prestige
CHAPTER 5 THE CONCLUSION
5.1 THE LATER DEVELOPMENT OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
5.2 THE RULE OF CHECKS AND BALANCES IN THE USA GOVERNMENT
5.3 THE SIGNIFICANCE AND LIMITATION OF THE THESIS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
本文编号：3066011
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