主语关系从句加工优先共性的研究：汉语神经电生理学的证据
发布时间：2021-11-23 09:11
关系从句由于其句法的复杂性和类型学的多样性而成为心理语言学中重要的研究领域。主语关系从句和宾语关系从句的对比为心理语言学家和神经语言学家提供了可靠的加工复杂句子区别的佐证（Schlesewsky & Schlesewsky 2009:198）。Keenan & Comrie （1977）在近50种语言基础上的跨语言研究被誉为是迄今为止“最有影响力的语言共性研究之一”（Fox 1987:856）。在此研究基础上提出的“名词短语可及性层次”认为关系化策略遵循一个以语法关系为主的层次,这个层次中越位于高端的语法成分,可及性越高,越被容易关系化。“可及性层次”反映了“加工时的心理难易程度”（Keenan & Comrie 1977:68）。主语位于这个层次的最高位置,所以主语关系从句最容易被加工。无独有偶,“可及性层次理论”提出的主语关系从句优先加工的共性在“经验理论”（Mitchell et al. 1995; Hale 2001）中也被提出。“经验理论”在跨语言研究的基础上发现主语关系从句出现的频率大于宾语关系从句出现的频率。在产出的频率与其加工的难易程度成正相关的...
【文章来源】：东北师范大学吉林省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：175 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Tables
List of Figures
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter One Introducti
1.1 Motivation of the
1.1.1 The importance of relative clauses
1.1.2 Universal processing preference and Current gaps
1.2 Aims and research questions of the study
1.3 Structure of the dissertation
Chapter Two Typology of relative clause
2.1. Types of relative clauses
2.1.1 External-headed RCs vs Internal-headed RCs vs Correlative RCs
2.1.2 Postnominal / head-initial RCs vs Prenominal / head-final RCs
2.1.3 Subject-extracted RCs vs Object-extracted RCs
2.1.4 Subject-modifying vs Object-modifying RCs
2.2 Word order type and RC type
2.3 Typological characteristics of English relative clauses
2.3.1 Restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses in English
2.3.2 Derivation of English RCs
2.4 Typological characteristics of Chinese relative clauses
2.4.1 Typological characteristics of Chinese
2.4.1.1 Morphological structure
2.4.1.2 Vague clause boundaries
2.4.1.3 Canonical word order
2.4.1.4 Pro-drop in Chinese
2.4.1.5 Topicalization in Chinese
2.4.2 The Uniqueness of Chinese RC
2.4.2.1 The position of head noun and restricting clause
2.4.2.2 Grammatical roles of “DE”
Chapter Three Sentence Processing Mode
3.1 Universal subject preference
3.1.1 Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy
3.1.2 Experience
3.2 Working memory accounts (Gibson 1998, 2000)
3.2.1 Storage Resources
3.2.1.1 Storage of incomplete head dependencies
3.2.1.2 Prediction about English RC processing
3.2.1.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3.2.2 Integration Cost
3.2.2.1 Linear distance between filler and gap
3.2.2.2 Prediction about English RC processing
3.2.2.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3.2.3 A brief comment: a bridge from structural theories to processing theories
3.3 Structure-based theories
3.3.1 Filler-Gap Domain (FGD) (Hawkins 1999, 2004)
3.3.1.1. Structural distance between filler and subcategorizer
3.3.1.2 Prediction about English RC processing
3.3.1.3 Prediction about Chinese RC Processing made by Fill-Gap Domain
3.3.2 Phrase-Structural Distance Hypothesis
3.3.2.1 Hierarchy distance between filler and gap
3.3.2.2 Prediction about English RC processing
3.3.2.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3.4 Word order theory
3.4.1 Canonical word order vs non-canonical word order
3.4.2 Prediction about the English RC processing
3.4.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3.5 Pragmatic functional perspective shift
3.5.1 Subject as a default perspective of readers
3.5.2 Prediction about English RC processing
3.5.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3.6 An evaluation of predictions about English and Chinese RC processing
Chapter Four Previous studies and findings
4.1 Processing relative clauses
4.1.1 Basic observations
4.1.2 Neurophysiological evidence
4.1.3 Neuroanatomical evidence
4.2 Consistent results with universality from English RC processing
4.2.1 General remarks
4.2.2 Eye-movement monitor
4.2.3 Self-paced reading
4.2.4 Event-related potential studies
4.2.5 Brain imaging studies using fMRI and PET
4.2.6 Lesion studies: Aphasia
4.3 Mixed results on Chinese RC processing
4.3.1 Self-paced reading
4.3.1.1 Hsiao & Gibson (2003) – supporting cross-linguistic processing preference
4.3.1.2 Lin & Bever (2006) – supporting universal processing preference
4.3.1.3 Lin & Garnsey – the effect of head noun’s existence and animacy cues
4.3.2 A maze task
4.3.3 Corpora studies –supporting universal processing preference
4.3.4 Event-related potential studies
Chapter Five An ERP experiment on Chinese RC processi
5.1 ERP methodology
5.1.1 An overview of ERP
5.1.2 Geodesic EEG System
5.1.3 Software-relating ERP experiments
5.1.4 ERP language-related components
5.1.4.1 N400
5.1.4.2 P600
5.1.4.3 Early left anterior negativity (ELAN)
5.2 The ERP experiment design on Chinese relative clause processing
5.2.1 Aims
5.2.2 Participants
5.2.3 Materials and task
5.2.4 Design
5.2.5 Procedure
5.2.6 Electrophysiological recordings and preprocessing
5.2.7 Data analysis
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Behavioral results
5.3.2 Spatial Aspects of the ERP data
5.3.3 Statistical results
5.3.3.1Testing prior results of asymmetry processing
5.3.3.2 Introducing of topicalization effect
5.3.3.3 Minimal pair analysis
5.3.3.3.1 Subject-modifying RCs
5.3.3.3.2 Object-modifying RCs
5.3.3.3.3 Topicalized RCs
5.4 Discussions
5.4.1 Testing prior results of processing asymmetry
5.4.1.1 Procedure of Chinese RC processing
5.4.1.2 Object relatives preference in Chinese
5.4.2 Involvement of topicalized sentences
5.4.2.1 Procedure of relative clause processing
5.4.2.2 Object relative preference in Chinese
5.4.3 Minimal pair analysis
5.4.3.1 Processing asymmetry in subject-modifying RCs
5.4.3.2 Processing asymmetry in object-modifying RCs
5.4.3.3 Processing asymmetry in topicalized RCs
5.4.3.4 An integration results from minimal pair analysis
5.4.4 Evaluation of sentence processing models
5.4.4.1 Evaluation of Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy
5.4.4.2 Evaluation of Frequency
5.4.4.3 Evaluation of Storage Cost
5.4.4.4 Evaluation of Integration Cost
5.4.4.5 Evaluation of Filler-Gap Domain
5.4.4.6 Evaluation of Phrase-Structural Distance Hypothesis
5.4.4.7 Evaluation of Canonical Word Order Hypothesis
5.4.4.8 Evaluation of Perspective Shift theory
5.5 Conclusions
5.5.1 Non-applicability of universal subject preference to Chinese
5.5.2 General phenomenon of object relatives preference in Chinese
5.5.3 Non-existence of a universal processing model
5.5.4 Other findings contributing to a comprehensive model
5.5.4.1 Function of canonical word order in RCs
5.5.4.2 An unmarked RC form in English and Chinese
Chapter Six Concluding remark
6.1 General findings
6.2 Significance of the study
6.3 Limitations of the study
6.4 Suggestions for future research
References
Appendix: Experimental Materials
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
在学期间发表的论文及著作情况
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]关系从句加工优势及局部句法复杂性解释——以汉语主宾语位置的关系从句加工为例[J]. 张强,江火. 外语研究. 2010(06)
[2]汉语宾语关系从句加工优势——来自神经电生理学研究的证据[J]. 张强,杨亦鸣. 语言科学. 2010(04)
[3]汉语宾语关系从句加工优势论——来自失语症研究的证据[J]. 周统权,郑伟,舒华,杨亦鸣. 语言科学. 2010(03)
[4]“的”字的句法、语义功能[J]. 黄国营. 语言研究. 1982(01)
本文编号：3513571
【文章来源】：东北师范大学吉林省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：175 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Tables
List of Figures
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter One Introducti
1.1 Motivation of the
1.1.1 The importance of relative clauses
1.1.2 Universal processing preference and Current gaps
1.2 Aims and research questions of the study
1.3 Structure of the dissertation
Chapter Two Typology of relative clause
2.1. Types of relative clauses
2.1.1 External-headed RCs vs Internal-headed RCs vs Correlative RCs
2.1.2 Postnominal / head-initial RCs vs Prenominal / head-final RCs
2.1.3 Subject-extracted RCs vs Object-extracted RCs
2.1.4 Subject-modifying vs Object-modifying RCs
2.2 Word order type and RC type
2.3 Typological characteristics of English relative clauses
2.3.1 Restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses in English
2.3.2 Derivation of English RCs
2.4 Typological characteristics of Chinese relative clauses
2.4.1 Typological characteristics of Chinese
2.4.1.1 Morphological structure
2.4.1.2 Vague clause boundaries
2.4.1.3 Canonical word order
2.4.1.4 Pro-drop in Chinese
2.4.1.5 Topicalization in Chinese
2.4.2 The Uniqueness of Chinese RC
2.4.2.1 The position of head noun and restricting clause
2.4.2.2 Grammatical roles of “DE”
Chapter Three Sentence Processing Mode
3.1 Universal subject preference
3.1.1 Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy
3.1.2 Experience
3.2 Working memory accounts (Gibson 1998, 2000)
3.2.1 Storage Resources
3.2.1.1 Storage of incomplete head dependencies
3.2.1.2 Prediction about English RC processing
3.2.1.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3.2.2 Integration Cost
3.2.2.1 Linear distance between filler and gap
3.2.2.2 Prediction about English RC processing
3.2.2.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3.2.3 A brief comment: a bridge from structural theories to processing theories
3.3 Structure-based theories
3.3.1 Filler-Gap Domain (FGD) (Hawkins 1999, 2004)
3.3.1.1. Structural distance between filler and subcategorizer
3.3.1.2 Prediction about English RC processing
3.3.1.3 Prediction about Chinese RC Processing made by Fill-Gap Domain
3.3.2 Phrase-Structural Distance Hypothesis
3.3.2.1 Hierarchy distance between filler and gap
3.3.2.2 Prediction about English RC processing
3.3.2.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3.4 Word order theory
3.4.1 Canonical word order vs non-canonical word order
3.4.2 Prediction about the English RC processing
3.4.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3.5 Pragmatic functional perspective shift
3.5.1 Subject as a default perspective of readers
3.5.2 Prediction about English RC processing
3.5.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
3.6 An evaluation of predictions about English and Chinese RC processing
Chapter Four Previous studies and findings
4.1 Processing relative clauses
4.1.1 Basic observations
4.1.2 Neurophysiological evidence
4.1.3 Neuroanatomical evidence
4.2 Consistent results with universality from English RC processing
4.2.1 General remarks
4.2.2 Eye-movement monitor
4.2.3 Self-paced reading
4.2.4 Event-related potential studies
4.2.5 Brain imaging studies using fMRI and PET
4.2.6 Lesion studies: Aphasia
4.3 Mixed results on Chinese RC processing
4.3.1 Self-paced reading
4.3.1.1 Hsiao & Gibson (2003) – supporting cross-linguistic processing preference
4.3.1.2 Lin & Bever (2006) – supporting universal processing preference
4.3.1.3 Lin & Garnsey – the effect of head noun’s existence and animacy cues
4.3.2 A maze task
4.3.3 Corpora studies –supporting universal processing preference
4.3.4 Event-related potential studies
Chapter Five An ERP experiment on Chinese RC processi
5.1 ERP methodology
5.1.1 An overview of ERP
5.1.2 Geodesic EEG System
5.1.3 Software-relating ERP experiments
5.1.4 ERP language-related components
5.1.4.1 N400
5.1.4.2 P600
5.1.4.3 Early left anterior negativity (ELAN)
5.2 The ERP experiment design on Chinese relative clause processing
5.2.1 Aims
5.2.2 Participants
5.2.3 Materials and task
5.2.4 Design
5.2.5 Procedure
5.2.6 Electrophysiological recordings and preprocessing
5.2.7 Data analysis
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Behavioral results
5.3.2 Spatial Aspects of the ERP data
5.3.3 Statistical results
5.3.3.1Testing prior results of asymmetry processing
5.3.3.2 Introducing of topicalization effect
5.3.3.3 Minimal pair analysis
5.3.3.3.1 Subject-modifying RCs
5.3.3.3.2 Object-modifying RCs
5.3.3.3.3 Topicalized RCs
5.4 Discussions
5.4.1 Testing prior results of processing asymmetry
5.4.1.1 Procedure of Chinese RC processing
5.4.1.2 Object relatives preference in Chinese
5.4.2 Involvement of topicalized sentences
5.4.2.1 Procedure of relative clause processing
5.4.2.2 Object relative preference in Chinese
5.4.3 Minimal pair analysis
5.4.3.1 Processing asymmetry in subject-modifying RCs
5.4.3.2 Processing asymmetry in object-modifying RCs
5.4.3.3 Processing asymmetry in topicalized RCs
5.4.3.4 An integration results from minimal pair analysis
5.4.4 Evaluation of sentence processing models
5.4.4.1 Evaluation of Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy
5.4.4.2 Evaluation of Frequency
5.4.4.3 Evaluation of Storage Cost
5.4.4.4 Evaluation of Integration Cost
5.4.4.5 Evaluation of Filler-Gap Domain
5.4.4.6 Evaluation of Phrase-Structural Distance Hypothesis
5.4.4.7 Evaluation of Canonical Word Order Hypothesis
5.4.4.8 Evaluation of Perspective Shift theory
5.5 Conclusions
5.5.1 Non-applicability of universal subject preference to Chinese
5.5.2 General phenomenon of object relatives preference in Chinese
5.5.3 Non-existence of a universal processing model
5.5.4 Other findings contributing to a comprehensive model
5.5.4.1 Function of canonical word order in RCs
5.5.4.2 An unmarked RC form in English and Chinese
Chapter Six Concluding remark
6.1 General findings
6.2 Significance of the study
6.3 Limitations of the study
6.4 Suggestions for future research
References
Appendix: Experimental Materials
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
在学期间发表的论文及著作情况
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]关系从句加工优势及局部句法复杂性解释——以汉语主宾语位置的关系从句加工为例[J]. 张强,江火. 外语研究. 2010(06)
[2]汉语宾语关系从句加工优势——来自神经电生理学研究的证据[J]. 张强,杨亦鸣. 语言科学. 2010(04)
[3]汉语宾语关系从句加工优势论——来自失语症研究的证据[J]. 周统权,郑伟,舒华,杨亦鸣. 语言科学. 2010(03)
[4]“的”字的句法、语义功能[J]. 黄国营. 语言研究. 1982(01)
本文编号：3513571
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