中国汽车产业出口竞争力分析

发布时间：2018-02-25 16:22

本文关键词： 汽车产业出口竞争力指标分析　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汽车产业是我国重要的支柱产业之一,对于促进经济发展、带动就业具有非常重要的作用。虽然我国汽车工业起步较晚,但经过60多年的发展,我国汽车产业进步飞速,2016年产销量均超过2800万辆,连续第八年位居全球第一。汽车产品出口贸易在加入WTO后高速发展,出口额从2001年的27亿美元上涨到2015年的842亿美元,年均增长率高达27.8%。但是自从2010年以来我国汽车产品出口额增速放缓,2015年汽车产品出口额同比下降8.0%,整车出口量在2012年达到100万的峰值后连续四年下滑。当前新兴国家市场需求萎缩,我国汽车产品销量明显下降,再加上人民币持续升值等负面因素的影响,我国汽车产品出口形势严峻。在这种背景之下,对我国汽车产业的出口竞争力进行评估,找出汽车出口存在的重大问题并提出相应的对策,对破解出口下滑难题具有重要的现实意义。本文的写作思路如下:首先,对出口竞争力理论进行梳理,介绍了出口竞争力的理论基础,在总结出口竞争力评价的主要方法的基础上选定指标评价法对汽车产业出口竞争力进行分析。其次,本文总结了中国汽车产业出口贸易的现状和特点,通过数据分析发现我国汽车产品出口额有下降的趋势,目前出口以零部件为主,且主要是低附加值型产品,整车出口规模较小,二者出口市场分别集中在发达国家和发展中国家,出口风险较大;再次,本文构建了评价汽车产业出口竞争力的指标体系,该指标体系由显示性对称比较优势指数6个常用指标构成,参照中国汽车工业年鉴、中国国民经济行业分类将HS2002中4位数汽车产品分为四类,以德国、日本、美国等6个国家为参照对象,对中国汽车产业整体和分类产品的出口竞争力分别进行了评估和对比,研究结果表明,与发达国家相比中国汽车产业整体的出口竞争力很低,分类产品中整车的出口竞争力最弱,是导致整体出口竞争力不强的重要原因。最后,在前文分析了中国汽车产品出口现状和出口竞争力的基础上,发现中国汽车产业出口主要存在以下问题:出口结构不合理,出口市场集中度过高;汽车企业研发投入低,自主创新能力不足;出口面临频繁的贸易和技术壁垒;出口秩序混乱,自主品牌形象有待提升;管理和售后服务体系不健全。针对这些问题,政府和企业应该共同作出努力,消除出口障碍。企业应该扩大整车出口规模,提高应对政治风险和汇率风险的能力;加大RD投入、重视人才培养,增强自主创新能力,提高产品质量;政府相关部门要积极参与制定国际汽车标准,企业重点向新能源和节能汽车领域发展;通过政府实行出口资质管理和企业建立出口联盟进一步规范出口秩序,提升自主品牌在海外市场的形象;建立完善的管理和售后服务体系,提升品牌信誉。
[Abstract]:The automobile industry is one of the most important pillar industries in China, which plays a very important role in promoting economic development and promoting employment. Although the automobile industry of our country started relatively late, it has been developed for more than 60 years. China's automobile industry has made rapid progress. In 2016, the production and sales volume of each vehicle exceeded 28 million, ranking first in the world for the eighth consecutive year. After China's entry into WTO, the export volume of automobile products grew at a high speed, rising from 2.7 billion US dollars in 2001 to 84.2 billion US dollars in 2015. The average annual growth rate is as high as 27.8%. But since 2010, the growth rate of China's auto exports has slowed. In 2015, auto product exports fell 8.0% from a year earlier, and auto exports fell four years in a row after hitting a peak of 1 million in 2012. National market demand is shrinking, The sales volume of China's automobile products has dropped markedly, and the negative factors such as the continuous appreciation of the RMB have made the export situation of China's automobile products grim. Against this background, the export competitiveness of China's automobile industry is evaluated. It is of great practical significance to find out the major problems existing in the automobile export and put forward corresponding countermeasures. The writing ideas of this paper are as follows: first, carding out the theory of export competitiveness. This paper introduces the theoretical basis of export competitiveness, and on the basis of summing up the main methods of evaluation of export competitiveness, selects the index evaluation method to analyze the export competitiveness of automobile industry. This paper summarizes the current situation and characteristics of the export trade of China's automobile industry. Through the analysis of the data, it is found that the export volume of our country's automobile products has a downward trend. At present, the export mainly consists of parts and components, and it is mainly a low value-added product. The whole vehicle export scale is small, the two export markets are concentrated in developed and developing countries respectively, the export risk is high. Thirdly, this paper constructs an index system to evaluate the export competitiveness of automobile industry. The index system is composed of six commonly used indexes of indicative symmetric comparative advantage index. Referring to the yearbook of China's automobile industry, the four-digit automobile products in HS2002 are classified into four categories, Germany, Japan, and China's national economy industry classification. The export competitiveness of China's automobile industry as a whole and its classified products are evaluated and compared respectively by the United States and other six countries. The results show that the overall export competitiveness of China's automobile industry is very low compared with that of developed countries. The export competitiveness of the whole vehicle is the weakest among the classified products, which is the important reason that the overall export competitiveness is not strong. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the current export situation and export competitiveness of China's automobile products, It is found that the following problems exist in the export of China's automobile industry: unreasonable export structure, high concentration of export market, low R & D investment of automobile enterprises, insufficient independent innovation ability, frequent trade and technical barriers to export; The export order is chaotic, the independent brand image needs to be improved, the management and after-sales service system is not perfect. In view of these problems, the government and enterprises should make joint efforts to eliminate export barriers. Improve the ability to deal with political risk and exchange rate risk; increase R D investment, attach importance to talent training, enhance independent innovation ability, and improve product quality; the relevant government departments should actively participate in the formulation of international automobile standards, Enterprises focus on the new energy and energy efficient automobile field; through the implementation of export qualification management by the government and the establishment of export alliance to further standardize the export order to enhance the image of independent brands in overseas markets; Establish a sound management and after-sales service system to enhance brand reputation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.471;F752.62

【相似文献】