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无溶剂、TMSCl催化下合成α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物

发布时间:2015-06-09 16:38

中文摘要
 

由于α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物在结构上近似于天然氨基酸, 而且这种化合物有着极大的作用和优点。α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物继承了类似于天然氨基酸的好的生物利用性能,毒性低且残留量低,所以其一般被用作杀虫剂、除草剂、杀菌剂、生长调节剂、酶的抑制剂等,甚至还可用作抗癌药物和抗病毒药物。因此高效的α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物合成方法一直备受关注。

α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物在现在利用极为广泛,且合成方法也很多。高效的合成方法的探究十分重要,而现阶段许多合成方法是通过使用有机溶剂的两步合成法,这种方法一般由于有机溶剂的使用而存在最终产物难提取、产率低和对环境不好的弊端。在这种情况下,本文提出了新的无溶剂的“一锅法”合成法来合成产物。本文详细的介绍了利用三甲基氯硅烷(TMSCl)在无溶剂的条件下合成一系列的α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物。具体是:
在无溶剂条件下,利用取代苯甲醛、取代苯胺和亚磷酸二乙酯为原料,并以TMSCl作为催化剂,“一锅法”合成了一系列的α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物。此外,还研究分析了原料的配比和TMSC1的浓度对合成产物和产物浓度的影响。最后,其结构经1H NMR和代表化合物的X-单晶衍射进行了表征。此合成方法反应条件温和、操作方便、产率较高且对环境友好,是一种绿色的合成方法。

Abstract


As the stucture of α-amino phosphonate derivatives is similar to natural amino acids, this compound play an important role in the field of biology and pharmacology. α-amino phosphonate derivative inherited the good bioavailability properties from the natural amino acid, it shows low toxicity and low residual amount, generally, it is used as insecticides, herbicides , fungicides , growth-regulating agents, enzymes inhibitors , and even can be used as anti-cancer drugs and antiviral drugs. So theα-amino phosphonate derivatives have attracted much attention, and an efficient synthetic method of α-amino phosphonate derivatives is very important.

Nowadays, α-amino phosphonate derivatives are applied widely, and there are lots of synthesis methods of α-amino phosphonate derivatives. The efficient systhesis method ofα-amino phosphonate derivatives is very important, and the most famous  synthetic method is two-step synthesis method, which use an organic solvent method. But this method have some disadvantages, such as the final product extraction is difficult, low yield and some environmental issues. In this case, this paper proposed a “one-pot” synthesis method to synthesize a new solvent-free product. This paper describes a new method that use trimethylchlorosilane (TMSCl) as synthesis catalyst for solvent-free synethsis, the product is a series ofα-amino phosphonate derivatives.
Specifically, in the solvent-free react system, the use of substituted benzaldehyde, substituted aniline and diethyl phosphite as raw materials, and TMSCl as a catalyst, the "one-pot" synthesis method has been used to synthesized a series of α-amino phosphonate derivatives. Furthermore, this paper also analysed the effect of TMSC1 concentration and the ratio of raw materials for the yield of synthetic products. Finally, the structure of representative compoud were tested by X-single-crystal and 1H NMR. It is indicated that this synthesis method is a gree synthetic method with mild reaction conditions, the convenient way of operation, high yields and environmental friendly.

目  录

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章  绪论 1
1.1 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的应用 1
1.1.1α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物用作除草剂 1
1.1.2α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的抗菌作用 3
1.1.3α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物用作植物生长素 4
1.1.4α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的酶抑制剂和抗病毒作用 5
1.1.5α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的抗癌作用 7
1.1.6 N端决定α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的应用 7
1.2 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的合成进展 8
1.2.1 无溶剂合成法制备α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物 9
1.2.2 微波合成法制备α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物 11
1.2.3 “一锅法”合成法制备α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物 13
1.2.4 离子液体在无溶剂条件下催化合成α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物 15
1.3 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的合成中的影响因素 16
1.3.1 反应中的投料比的影响 17
1.3.2 反应温度的影响 17
1.3.3 催化剂对反应的影响 18
1.4 目标化合物合成的设计和研究意义 19
1.4.1 目标化合物合成的思路 19
1.4.2 目标化合物的合成路线 20
1.4.3 本课题的研究意义 21
第二章  实验部分 22
2.1 实验仪器与试剂 22
2.1.1 实验试剂 22
2.1.2 实验仪器 22
2.2 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的合成 23
2.2.1 试剂处理 23
2.2.2 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的合成步骤 23
2.2.3 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的提纯处理 24
2.2 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的反应条件优化实验 24
2.3 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物产物的分析 25
2.3.1 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物产物的1H NMR分析 25
2.3.2 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物产物的13C NMR分析 25
2.3.3 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物产物的元素分析 26
2.3.3 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物产物的X单晶衍射 26
第三章  实验结果与讨论 28
3.1 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的合成结果与分析 28
3.2催化剂TMSC1的用量对α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物产率的影响 29
3.3α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物产物的1H NMR结果与分析 30
3.4α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物产物的13C NMR结果与分析 34
3.5α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物产物的元素分析结果 37
3.6α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物产物的单晶衍射结果与分析 37
第四章  结论 39
参考文献 40
附图 部分化合物的图谱 44
在学期间发表的文章 45
致    谢 46

第一章  绪论

1.1 α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的应用

目前,有机磷化学这门学科已经发展成独立的学科,而且有机磷化学在整个化学的研究领域中都占据着极为重要的地位。大部分的其他学科也会在发展中会涉及到这一学科。20世纪30年代,一些学者偶然的情况下发现了有机磷毒剂和有机磷杀虫剂后,标志着整个有机磷化学正式开始发展,并且逐步走向成熟,同时也开创了整个新的农药工业。
α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物是和天然氨基酸有着类似结构的化合物,同时它也是有机磷化学在近几十年来发展起来重要的组成部分。1959年,, Horiguhci和knadastu两位科学家从绵羊体内分离出来α-氨基膦酸至今已经有50多年的历史了。α-氨基膦酸酯是α-氨基酸和拟肽水解中间产物的结构类似物,具有一定的生物活性。正是基于这一点,近些年来,α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的生物活性研究受到了许多科学家的广泛关注,其结构的多样性同时也为相关新的衍生物的合成奠定了基础。研究表明,不同的α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物具有不同的生物活性。迄今为止,研究者已经发现了α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物具有抗植物病毒[1]、除草[2]、植物生长调节[3]、杀菌[4]、酶抑制剂活性[5]、抗癌[6]、抗氧化能力[7, 8]等生物活性。此外研究还发现它在动物体内有着一定的抗血栓和抗动脉粥样硬化的重要生物活性[9-13]。
因此,α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物备受科学家的关注,许多新的α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物通过不同的方法合成出来,同时不同的生物活性也在被不断地发现,它在各个领域的应用方面的研究也逐渐成熟起来[14]。

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