日本明治前期的立宪主义思想争鸣

发布时间：2018-01-23 06:03

本文关键词： 立宪主义民选议院人权保护限制君权明治时期　出处：《世界历史》2015年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：日本明治前期立宪主义思潮逐渐流行之后,面临必须召开国会和制定宪法的政治局势,社会上围绕有关立宪的诸种问题展开了思想争鸣。这些思想争鸣的内容包括立宪主体应当是在全日本至高无上的权威天皇,还是由人民通过选举而构成的议会;当时日本的立宪条件是否已经完全具备,即人民的教育、智识水平是否已达到立宪要求;立宪应当加速进行或者只能缓慢地逐渐推进;宪法保障人权功能究竟能达到多大程度;宪法限制以君权为代表的行政权力过度扩张所能发挥的作用等。此类思想争鸣不仅使近代化的立宪思想更加深入人心,导致立宪主义思潮更加广泛地在日本流行;而且通过争鸣,代表不同利益集团的各种政治思想达到相对平衡的状态,对以后包含各种政治利益诉求的明治宪法的制定,乃至对日本战后政治体制的选择,产生了深远影响。
[Abstract]:After the trend of constitutionalism in the early Meiji period became popular, Japan faced the political situation that it was necessary to convene a parliament and formulate a constitution. In the society, there are ideological contentions about various issues concerning constitutionalism. The contents of these contentions include whether the constitutional subject should be the supreme authority emperor in all of Japan or the parliament constituted by the people through election; At that time, whether Japan's constitutional conditions have been fully met, that is, the education of the people, the level of wisdom has reached the constitutional requirements; Constitutionalism should be carried out at an accelerated pace or only slowly and gradually; How far can the function of constitutional protection of human rights be achieved? The constitution limits the function of the excessive expansion of the administrative power represented by the monarchy, and so on. This kind of thought contending not only makes the modern constitutional thought more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. As a result, constitutionalism is more popular in Japan; And through the argument, representing different interest groups of various political ideas to achieve a relatively balanced state, the future contains a variety of political interests of the Meiji Constitution, and even the choice of Japan's post-war political system. Has had a profound impact.
【作者单位】：四川师范大学历史文化与旅游学院;四川师范大学日本研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金西部项目《日本明治时期社会思潮及其历史影响研究》(项目批准号:11XSS001)的阶段性成果四川省区域和国别重点研究基地日本研究中心年度科研项目《日本近代对国家体制的认知及思想论争》的终端成果之一
【分类号】：K313
【正文快照】： 日本明治前期,伴随着近代化的立宪主义宣传,在日本实行立宪政治体制,已受到从上至下的社会各阶层绝大多数人的肯定。关于日本近代立宪主义思潮的兴起与传播的社会背景及其具体状况,笔者已有所探讨。?但值得注意的是,在日本即将仿效欧美先进的资本主义国家实行宪政的关键时刻,

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