木户幸一外交思想与实践研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 20:08

本文选题：木户幸一　切入点：外交思想　出处：《复旦大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 木户幸一是日本昭和前期重要的宫廷政治家,他不仅是近卫文磨的好友,而且长期担任作为昭和天皇第一侧近的内大臣一职,在整个日本上层有着广泛的人脉关系,其外交思想对于20世纪30、40年代日本帝国主义的侵略扩张有着直接而又深刻的影响。本文以木户幸一外交思想的形成、发展、演变为主线,主要考察1930-1945年期间木户外交思想嬗变的原因、外交思想与外交行为运作的特点、以及其外交思想对日本外交决策的影响。论文正文部分由五章组成。第一章主要论述木户幸一外交思想的形成。首先从其元勋之后的家世、受教育经历、工作经历等几方面论述了其成长经历；接着就宫中集团对日本政治、外交的重大影响力以及木户与宫中集团的关系展开论述；最后,从时代背景、西园寺公望和近卫文磨的影响等三方面分析木户幸一“革新”外交观的形成。第二章着重分析木户幸一对华、对德、对苏的外交思想。伴随着九一八事变的爆发,木户幸一提出了自己独特的外交思想——“善导论”,并在之后很长一段时间以之作为自己外交思想指导思想。于是,在华方面,他坚持强硬到底；对纳粹德国方面,暗中促成三国同盟；对苏联则常怀防备之心。这一阶段,木户幸一是第一届近卫内阁的重要阁僚,对近卫内阁的外交决策有着重大影响,被称为“近卫的影子”。第三章集中分析木户幸一的对美外交思想。此时木户幸一已经升任内大臣,对天皇、对日本政局有着重大的影响力。尽管木户对军部蓄谋已久的“南进政策”不持异议,但是基于国力差距等考虑,木户提出了“卧薪尝胆论”。作为拖延时间的手段,木户支持日美和谈。在1941年底日美和谈走向逐渐绝望之际,木户仍力图避免日美过早开战并推荐东条英机上台。最后在《赫尔备忘录》的最后通牒下,木户幸一转变态度,促成了日本对美开战。第四章主要论述木户幸一的终战外交思想与实践。随着战局的每况日下,身为“天皇的影子”的内大臣木户幸一,也逐渐对战争不再抱有乐观态度。主和派逐渐聚集,作为主和派的核心,木户幸一开始着手进行终战事宜。内政方面,木户以天皇的利益和政局稳定为主要考量,在政局变更方面循序渐进：先延长东条的任期,在时机成熟后才迫使其下台；然后继续推荐军人内阁,稳定好战势力；最后在败局已定的时刻才推举终战内阁。外交方面,木户一方面起草了《收拾时局之对策试案》,为束手无策的日本统治层提供了一整套应对方案；另一方面则直接操纵日本外交,寄希望通过苏联的外交斡旋,与美国进行谈判。最终,木户幸一的终战外交虽然没有取得预想的成果,但还是促成了日本尽快投降,并为天皇守住了保留天皇制这一最基本的底线。第五章作为结语章,对木户幸一的外交思想作一简单总结和评价。木户幸一的外交思想,是在保皇这一核心理念的基础上,“革新”思想和日本传统政治思想的结合体。木户幸一在日本帝国主义发动的侵略战争中扮演了重要角色,负有重大责任；但另一方面,他在日本终战中所做出的努力也是后人值得注意的。
[Abstract]:Kiko Yukichi is a Japanese early Showa important court politicians, he is not only a friend of Konoe Ayama, and longtime as emperor Showa, the first side of minister, has extensive contacts throughout Japan top diplomatic thought has a direct andprofound impact for the twentieth Century 30,40 year on behalf of the Japanese imperialist aggression expansion in order to form development. In this paper, Kiko Yukichi's diplomatic thought, evolution, the main reason to study 1930-1945 years during the Kido diplomatic thought of the evolution of the characteristics of diplomatic thought and behavior of the operation, and the influence of foreign thoughts on Japanese foreign policy. The main part of this thesis consists of five chapters.
The first chapter mainly discusses the formation of Kiko Yukichi's diplomatic thought. Firstly the fathers after family, education, work experience and other aspects discusses its growing experience; then the palace group of Japanese politics, diplomacy and the relationship between influential families and wooden palace group is discussed; finally, from the background, Xiyuan Temple public Wang and Konoe Ayama are the three aspects of analysis of wood to a household "innovation" diplomatic view formation.
The second chapter focuses on the analysis of Kiko Yukichi's China, Germany, the Soviet diplomatic thought. With the outbreak of the 918 incident, Kiko Yukichi put forward his own unique diplomatic thoughts -- "good introduction", and after a long period of time as his leading diplomatic thought. So, in China, he insisted on tough in Nazi Germany;, secretly made the triple alliance; the Soviet Union is often defensive. In this stage, Kiko Yukichi is the first important cabinet members of the Konoe cabinet, has a significant effect on the Konoe administration foreign policy, known as "Konoe's shadow".
Analysis of the beauty of Kiko Yukichi's diplomatic thoughts in third chapter. At this time Kiko Yukichi had risen to the rank of minister, for the emperor, has a great influence on the political situation in Japan. Although Kido to army premeditated "Southward Policy" has no objection, but the strength gap based on consideration, Kido proposed a "revival theory" as. Time delay means Kido support Japan peace talks. At the end of 1941 Japan talks toward despair, Kido still tries to avoid premature war and recommend Tojo E to Japan. Finally, in "the Hull ultimatum" memo, Kiko Yukichi contributed to the change of attitude of the war against Japan.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses Kido to the end of the war the diplomatic thought and practice. As the battle of each state, as the "emperor's shadow" minister Kiko Yukichi, also gradually to the war does not optimistic. The accumulation, as the core of the Kiko Yukichi, started the final battle of domestic matters., Kido in his interests and political stability as the main consideration, step by step in political change: to extend Tojo's term, when the time is ripe to force him to step down; then continue to recommend the military cabinet, stable militant potential force; at the end of the end time before the end of the war cabinet. Elected foreign affairs, kibe on the one hand, the drafting of the "clean up the situation of the Trial Measures", provides a set of solutions for the Japanese rule layer on the other hand, at a loss what to do; direct manipulation of Japanese diplomacy, hopes that the Soviet Union Outside Mediation and negotiations with the United States. Ultimately, Kiko Yukichi's final war diplomacy did not achieve the desired results, but it contributed to Japan's surrender as soon as possible, and kept the most basic line for emperor to retain the Mikado system.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion chapter, the diplomatic thought of Kiko Yukichi make a brief summary and evaluation of Kiko Yukichi's diplomatic thought, is based on the core concept of "combination of royalist, innovative thoughts and traditional Japanese political thought. Kiko Yukichi moved in the war of aggression of Japanese imperialism has played an important role in. Major responsibility; but on the other hand, he made at the end of the war in Japan in later efforts are also worth noting.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K313

【参考文献】