坦桑尼亚人民矿业权缺失的根源检视

发布时间：2017-06-09 16:10

  本文关键词：坦桑尼亚人民矿业权缺失的根源检视，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

【摘要】：本文探讨了坦桑尼亚人民矿业权缺失的原因。坦桑尼亚国民尤其是小型矿主因无法从矿产保证金中获益而处于长期不满之中。在此背景下,促使笔者对矿业权人产生不满的深层原因展开研究。坦桑尼亚坐落于非洲东部,是一个矿藏富饶的发展中国家。其东抵印度洋,西与卢旺达、布隆迪以及刚果民主共和国毗邻,南与赞比亚、马拉维、莫桑比克接壤,北与肯尼亚、乌干达交界。坦桑尼亚的矿产保证金涵盖铀矿、锡矿、磷酸盐矿、铁矿石、煤炭、钻石、宝石矿石、金矿、天然气与镍矿。坦桑尼亚不仅以盛产黄金和钻石闻名遐迩,同时也是稀有宝石的唯一原产地。尽管如此,坦桑尼亚人民却因无法共享本国矿藏带来的红利而心存不满。为探究上述问题产生的缘由,本文的研究思路如下:第一章阐述了文章的研究背景、研究目的、研究方法与研究意义;第二章梳理了殖民时期以前、殖民时期以及后殖民时期坦桑尼亚的矿产利用状况以及行政管理体制;第三章介绍了坦桑尼亚的矿业合同与协议;第四章结合自然资源永久主权原则阐述了小规模矿主面临的实践困境。现有研究将坦桑尼亚人民矿业权缺失的原因归结于腐败、欺诈、走私和政府监管不力。本文在分析上述因素的基础之上,提出了新的完善对策:即本国政府应当公平、公正的实施土地法,外国合作者应当善意的行使现有权利以实现双方的共赢。
【关键词】：矿业权 矿产保证金 矿业合同
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D942.5;DD912.6
【目录】：

• DEDICATION4-5
• 中文摘要5-6
• ABSTRACT6-10
• LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS10-11
• 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION11-17
• 1.1 INTRODUCTION11
• 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY11-12
• 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM12
• 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY12-13
• 1.5 STUDY QUESTIONS13
• 1.6 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY13
• 1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY13
• 1.8 STUDY METHODOLOGY13-17
• 1.8.1 Data collection method13-14
• 1.8.2 Documentary review14
• 1.8.3 Field Interviews14-15
• 1.8.4 Sampling for interview purpose15
• 1.8.5 Participation and Observation15-16
• 1.8.6 Studying specific cases16
• 1.8.7 Scope and Delimitation of the Study16
• 1.8.8 Challenges and limitations encountered in the course of doing the Study16-17
• 2 MINING IN PRE-COLONIAL ERA, COLONIAL ERA ANDPOST-COLONIA ERA17-33
• 2.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION17
• 2.2 MINING IN PRE-COLONIAL TANGANYIKA, GERMANY COLONIALTANGANYIKA AND BRITISH COLONIAL TANGANYIKA17-20
• 2.3 MINING FROM 1961 TO 1979, FROM 1979 TO 1998 AND FROM 1998 TO PRESENT20-29
• 2.4 GOVERNANCE IN TANZANIA’S MINING INDUSTRY29-33
• 2.4.1 Regulatory Framework for the Mining Sector30
• 2.4.2 Settlement of Disputes through Compensation30-31
• 2.4.3 Conflicts between rights holders31
• 2.4.4 The grant of Mining Licenses31-33
• 3 MINING CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS IN TANZANIA33-43
• 3.1 DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS MEANING;33-34
• 3.2. WHAT COMPANIES GET AS FAR AS DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS ARECONCERNED34-38
• 3.2.1 Mineral rights, Labor rights and Financial Management right34-36
• 3.2.2 Land, forestry and water rights, Assignment right and Machinery rights36-38
• 3.3 WHAT THE GOVERNMENT OF TANZANIA GET38-43
• 3.3.1 Taxes38-40
• 3.3.2 Termination rights40-41
• 3.3.3 Rights of information41-43
• 4 SMALL SCALE MINING/MINERS43-63
• 4.1 INTRODUCTION43-44
• 4.2 CHALLENGES FACING SMALL SCALE MINING44-49
• 4.2.1 Legislation and policies implementation45-46
• 4.2.2 Poor technologies46
• 4.2.3 Lack of Education and skills on the mining sectors46-49
• 4.2.4 Uncontrolled migration49
• 4.3 THE PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER NATURAL RESOURCES49-58
• 4.3.1 The Sovereign Right to Freely Dispose, Use and Exploit Natural Resources55-56
• 4.3.2 The Right to Freely Regulate Foreign Investments56-57
• 4.3.3 The Duties of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources57
• 4.3.4 The Duty of a State to Exercise Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources in theInterest of National Development and the Well-being of the People57
• 4.3.5 The Duty to Respect Environmental Norms57-58
• 4.4 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT58-60
• 4.4.1 The Principle of Common but Different Responsibilities59
• 4.4.2 The Principle of Inter- and Intergenerational Equity59
• 4.4.3 The Principle of Sustainable Use59
• 4.4.4 The Precautionary Principle59-60
• 4.4.5 The Principle of Equitable Utilization60
• 4.5 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND THE PRINCIPLE OF PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTYOVER NATURAL RESOURCES60-63
• 4.5.1 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples60-61
• 4.5.2 The Principle of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources and Indigenous Peoples61-62
• 4.5.3 Indigenous Peoples as Subjects to the Principle of Permanent Sovereignty over NaturalResources62-63
• 5 FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS63-77
• 5.1 FINDINGS63-74
• 5.1.1 Mining in pre-colonial Tanzania, colonial Tanzania and post-colonial Tanzania63-66
• 5.1.2 Governance, Regulatory framework and Settlement of disputes through compensation inTanzania‘s Mining Industry66-67
• 5.1.3 Conflicts between rights holders, Mining Contracts and agreements, and, Small scalemining in Tanzania67-72
• 5.1.4 The permanent sovereignty over natural resources, Sustainable development andIndigenous people and the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources72-74
• 5.2 CONCLUSION74-75
• 5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS75-77
• 5.3.1 to the Government of Tanzania75
• 5.3.2 to the people of Tanzania75-76
• 5.3.3 to foreign investors76-77
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT77-79
• REFERENCE79-85
• BIBLIOGRAPHY85-88

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1 Angelica Lubango;坦桑尼亚人民矿业权缺失的根源检视[D];重庆大学;2016年

  本文关键词：坦桑尼亚人民矿业权缺失的根源检视，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

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