堆肥过程中砷铜生物有效性和土霉素降解及其微生物群落动态变化研究
发布时间：2022-02-22 09:58
本研究主要研究堆肥过程对土霉素降解及砷和铜生物有效性的影响。采用含有土霉素和铜砷的牛粪和猪粪进行堆肥试验。测定了其理化性质、土霉素浓度和发芽指数的变化。采用连续化学萃取法测定铜和砷含量。该实验还评估了堆肥过程中的微生物群落动态变化（35天）。采用冗余分析方法评价环境因子与微生物群落组成之间的关系。结果表明,堆肥过程中的高温阶段产生代谢热。我们观察到,在前两周内,气温迅速上升,并超过了50℃。在Cow-OTC+As&Cu和Pig-OTC+As&Cu处理组中发现低温值。堆肥过程中,Cu和As总浓度升高,而Cu提取物的生物有效性下降明显大于As提取物。堆肥过程中铜生物有效性降低。猪粪中As低生物有效性的百分比小于牛粪,且随时间增加。猪粪中抗生素的第一天降解率低于牛粪。牛粪处理的GI值随时间逐渐增加,在堆肥过程结束时达到95%以上,而猪粪处理的GI值大于65%。线性回归结果表明,堆肥性质对发芽率的影响在牛粪和猪粪处理中最为显著。在堆肥过程中,细菌群落变化显著。优势菌门包括放线菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门。牛粪中最常见的微生物是厚壁菌门,其次是放线菌,猪粪中最常见的微生物是...
【文章来源】：中国农业科学院北京市
【文章页数】：80 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
List of abbreviation
Chapter1:Introduction
1.1 Heavy metal(loid)s
1.1.1 Introduction
1.1.2 Sources of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil environment
1.1.2.1 Natural sources of heavy metal(loid)s
1.1.2.2 Industrial sources of heavy metal(loid)s
1.1.2.3 Agricultural sources of heavy metal(loid)s
1.1.2.4 Sewage irrigation
1.1.2.5 Fertilizers
1.1.2.6 Pesticides
1.1.2.7 Heavy metal(loid)s concentration in the animal feed
1.1.2.8 Heavy metal(loid)s concentration in animal manures
1.1.3 Heavy metal(loid)s effects
1.1.3.1 Effects on soil
1.1.3.2 Effects on soil microbial community
1.1.3.3 Effects on soil enzymatic activities
1.1.3.4 Effects on plants
1.2 Veterinary antibiotics
1.2.1 Oxytetracycline(OTC)historic use
1.2.2 Properties of the oxytetracycline substance
1.2.3 Specific uses of the oxytetracycline substance
1.2.4 Veterinary antibiotics(VA)in the environment
1.2.4.1 Veterinary antibiotic in manure
1.2.4.2 Veterinary antibiotics(VAs)in soil
1.2.5 Veterinary antibiotic sorption to soil
1.2.5.1 The solid-to-solution partition coefficient
1.2.5.2 Soil properties
1.2.5.3 Soil pH
1.2.5.4 Multivalent cations
1.2.6 Environmental effect of veterinary antibiotics
1.2.6.1 Effect on the food chain
1.2.6.2 Effects on water quality
1.2.6.3 Effects on soil microbial communities
1.2.7 Degradation methods and pathways of oxytetracycline
1.2.8 Degradation factors of oxytetracycline in composting
1.2.8.1 p H value and electrical conductivity in composting
1.2.8.2 Temperature changes during the composting
1.2.8.3 OTC changes over time in composting
1.3 The main problems of this research
1.4 Objectives of research
Chapter2 :Changes in Arsenic and Copper bioavailability and Oxytetracycline degradation during the composting process_________________________________
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and methods
2.2.1 Composting process and sampling
2.2.2 Physiochemical analyses
2.2.3 The heavy metal(loid)s extraction
2.2.4 OTC extraction and HPLC analysis
2.2.5 Germination index
2.2.6 Statistical analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Temperature
2.3.2 Physiochemical properties
2.3.3 The germination index(GI%)
2.3.4 Changes in the As and Cu fractions
2.3.5 Bioavailability of As and Cu
2.3.6 OTC degradation during composting
2.3.7 Linear regression analysis for the germination index
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusion
Chapter3 :Microbial community dynamic during composting of animal manures contaminated with arsenic,copper,and oxytetracycline
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and methods
3.2.1 DNA extraction and bioinformatic static analysis
3.2.2 Bioinformatic static analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Principal components analysis
3.3.2 Species abundance analysis
3.3.3 Alpha diversity indices
3.3.4 Chao1 index
3.3.5 Shannon index
3.3.6 Simpson index
3.3.7 Redundancy analysis
3.4 Discussion
3.4.1 Microbial diversity
3.4.2 Microbial composition distribution
3.4.3 Redundancy analysis
3.5 Conclusion
Chapter4 :Conclusion
Conclusion
Innovation points
Recommendations
Further studies are requested to
Publication
References
Acknowledgement
Resume
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China[J]. Hui Wang,Yuanhua Dong,Yunya Yang,Gurpal S.Toor,Xumei Zhang. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2013(12)
[2]Inuence of oxytetracycline on the structure and activity of microbial community in wheat rhizosphere soil[J]. YANG Qingxiang, ZHANG Jing, ZHU Kongfang, ZHANG Hao College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2009(07)
[3]Changes of Cu, Zn, and Ni chemical speciation in sewage sludge co-composted with sodium sulfide and lime[J]. WANG Xuejiang CHEN Ling XIA Siqing ZHAO Jianfu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China.. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2008(02)
[4]Contribution of additives Cu to its accumulation in pig feces: study in Beijing and Fuxin of China[J]. LI Yan-xia, LI Wei, WU Juan, XU Li-chao, SU Qiu-hong, XIONG Xiong Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2007(05)
[5]Heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province, China[J]. CANG Long, WANG Yu jun, ZHOU Dong mei *, DONG Yuan hua (State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. ). Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2004(03)
本文编号：3639220
【文章来源】：中国农业科学院北京市
【文章页数】：80 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
List of abbreviation
Chapter1:Introduction
1.1 Heavy metal(loid)s
1.1.1 Introduction
1.1.2 Sources of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil environment
1.1.2.1 Natural sources of heavy metal(loid)s
1.1.2.2 Industrial sources of heavy metal(loid)s
1.1.2.3 Agricultural sources of heavy metal(loid)s
1.1.2.4 Sewage irrigation
1.1.2.5 Fertilizers
1.1.2.6 Pesticides
1.1.2.7 Heavy metal(loid)s concentration in the animal feed
1.1.2.8 Heavy metal(loid)s concentration in animal manures
1.1.3 Heavy metal(loid)s effects
1.1.3.1 Effects on soil
1.1.3.2 Effects on soil microbial community
1.1.3.3 Effects on soil enzymatic activities
1.1.3.4 Effects on plants
1.2 Veterinary antibiotics
1.2.1 Oxytetracycline(OTC)historic use
1.2.2 Properties of the oxytetracycline substance
1.2.3 Specific uses of the oxytetracycline substance
1.2.4 Veterinary antibiotics(VA)in the environment
1.2.4.1 Veterinary antibiotic in manure
1.2.4.2 Veterinary antibiotics(VAs)in soil
1.2.5 Veterinary antibiotic sorption to soil
1.2.5.1 The solid-to-solution partition coefficient
1.2.5.2 Soil properties
1.2.5.3 Soil pH
1.2.5.4 Multivalent cations
1.2.6 Environmental effect of veterinary antibiotics
1.2.6.1 Effect on the food chain
1.2.6.2 Effects on water quality
1.2.6.3 Effects on soil microbial communities
1.2.7 Degradation methods and pathways of oxytetracycline
1.2.8 Degradation factors of oxytetracycline in composting
1.2.8.1 p H value and electrical conductivity in composting
1.2.8.2 Temperature changes during the composting
1.2.8.3 OTC changes over time in composting
1.3 The main problems of this research
1.4 Objectives of research
Chapter2 :Changes in Arsenic and Copper bioavailability and Oxytetracycline degradation during the composting process_________________________________
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and methods
2.2.1 Composting process and sampling
2.2.2 Physiochemical analyses
2.2.3 The heavy metal(loid)s extraction
2.2.4 OTC extraction and HPLC analysis
2.2.5 Germination index
2.2.6 Statistical analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Temperature
2.3.2 Physiochemical properties
2.3.3 The germination index(GI%)
2.3.4 Changes in the As and Cu fractions
2.3.5 Bioavailability of As and Cu
2.3.6 OTC degradation during composting
2.3.7 Linear regression analysis for the germination index
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusion
Chapter3 :Microbial community dynamic during composting of animal manures contaminated with arsenic,copper,and oxytetracycline
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and methods
3.2.1 DNA extraction and bioinformatic static analysis
3.2.2 Bioinformatic static analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Principal components analysis
3.3.2 Species abundance analysis
3.3.3 Alpha diversity indices
3.3.4 Chao1 index
3.3.5 Shannon index
3.3.6 Simpson index
3.3.7 Redundancy analysis
3.4 Discussion
3.4.1 Microbial diversity
3.4.2 Microbial composition distribution
3.4.3 Redundancy analysis
3.5 Conclusion
Chapter4 :Conclusion
Conclusion
Innovation points
Recommendations
Further studies are requested to
Publication
References
Acknowledgement
Resume
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China[J]. Hui Wang,Yuanhua Dong,Yunya Yang,Gurpal S.Toor,Xumei Zhang. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2013(12)
[2]Inuence of oxytetracycline on the structure and activity of microbial community in wheat rhizosphere soil[J]. YANG Qingxiang, ZHANG Jing, ZHU Kongfang, ZHANG Hao College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2009(07)
[3]Changes of Cu, Zn, and Ni chemical speciation in sewage sludge co-composted with sodium sulfide and lime[J]. WANG Xuejiang CHEN Ling XIA Siqing ZHAO Jianfu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China.. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2008(02)
[4]Contribution of additives Cu to its accumulation in pig feces: study in Beijing and Fuxin of China[J]. LI Yan-xia, LI Wei, WU Juan, XU Li-chao, SU Qiu-hong, XIONG Xiong Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2007(05)
[5]Heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province, China[J]. CANG Long, WANG Yu jun, ZHOU Dong mei *, DONG Yuan hua (State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. ). Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2004(03)
本文编号：3639220
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