基于语料库的英语Let结构之加的夫语法视角研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 06:27

  本文关键词：基于语料库的英语Let结构之加的夫语法视角研究　出处：《西南大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： let结构 加的夫语法 及物性 语气 功能句法

【摘要】：本研究中的英语let结构,是指英语中以let引导的祈使句结构。该结构在现代英语中是一种非常复杂的语言现象。因其语义和句法的特殊性与元稳定性,该结构在祈使句研究中通常被边缘化,鲜有学者对该结构作过细致而系统的专题研究。现有文献对let结构的研究主要集中在句法层面(比如该结构的主语、let的词性问题等),对该结构的语义研究较为有限,同时对该结构的语义及其句法体现形式描写也较为缺乏基于大规模语料库真实数据的实证性基础。鉴于此,本研究在系统功能语言学的加的夫语法理论框架内,基于《美国当代英语语料库》,对英语let结构的及物性系统、语气系统和功能句法进行系统分析,以期揭示该结构的语义和句法特征,深化对该结构使用本质的认识,旨在丰富和发展作为普通语言学和适用语言学的系统功能语言学理论,同时为其他语言理论对该结构的研究提供参考。本研究采用定性和定量相结合的研究方法,试图解决以下三个方面的问题:第一,英语let结构在及物性上有哪些过程类型和参与者角色配置模式?该结构及物性的系统分布特征怎样?第二,英语let结构的语气人称和语气意义有何关系?该结构语气的系统分布特征怎样?第三,英语let结构有哪些句法特征?该结构及物性和语气的句法体现形式是怎样的?本研究在介绍研究背景、研究意义和研究设计后,对英语let结构的国内外研究现状进行梳理,以明确现有研究的贡献与不足,为下文对该结构的进一步研究提供基础;然后介绍加的夫语法,重点论述其研究范式、及物性系统理论、语气系统理论和功能句法理论,以确立本研究的理论基础,指出英语let结构的加的夫语法研究途径;接着以加的夫语法为理论框架,分别对英语let结构的及物性系统、语气系统以及功能句法进行详细描写和分析,旨在明确该结构在语言实际使用中的经验建构模式、交际角色选择和句法体现形式;最后总结全文。本研究采用加的夫语法的分析方法,对从《美国当代英语语料库》中收集的3221条let结构语料抽样作基于情景语境的仔细分析和统计,得出以下主要研究结论:第一,在及物性方面,总体来看,英语let结构在及物性过程类型上,主要体现的是行动过程、心理过程、关系过程和影响过程;环境过程的分布概率非常小;该结构不能体现事件-相关过程。在各过程类型中,行动过程主要涉及两个参与者;心理过程主要为认知型;关系过程主要为地点型和方向型;影响过程主要涉及隐性施动者。let结构的及物性过程类型与let能否体现过程意义有较大的关联。在各过程类型中,行动过程和心理过程主要涉及该结构中let的语法化用法;影响过程主要涉及let的实义动词用法;而关系过程则与let的实义动词用法和语法化用法都有所涉及。具体来看,let结构的各种形式所体现的及物性过程类型在分布概率上表现出较大差异。let‘s结构主要体现行动过程、心理过程和关系过程,体现影响过程的分布概率非常小。letus结构和let‘s结构基本相似,不同的是该结构中影响过程的分布概率较大;这说明let‘s结构和letus结构在及物性上既有联系又有区别。在letme结构中,心理过程的分布概率最大,其次是行动过程,关系过程和影响过程的分布概率相差不大。lethim/her/them结构在过程类型分布概率上较为相似,其中影响过程的分布概率较高,其他过程类型分布概率都较小。在letit结构中,虽然影响过程的分布概率也最大,但关系过程也有较大的分布概率;该结构还能体现环境过程。letthere结构主要涉及关系过程,过程类型较为单一。在let+专名结构中,虽然影响过程的分布概率仍然最大,但该结构在其他过程类型中的分布概率较lethim/her/them/it结构有明显提升。let结构的各种具体形式所体现的及物性过程类型,在参与者角色的配置模式及其系统分布上也表现出较大差异。对let结构的及物性分析表明,该结构在现代英语中建构了复杂的人类世界经验,是反映现实世界的重要词汇语法资源。第二,在语气方面,let结构的语气人称和语气意义受情景语境和个体的话语目的严格制约。总体来看,该结构主要体现的是[行动提议]和[正式希望]。在[行动提议]中,有[会话双方]、[发话方]、[受话方]和[第三方]四种选择。在[行动提议]中,不同的人称指向能体现具有不同祈使力等级的语气意义。当语气人称指向会话双方时,主要体现[坚决提议]、[假设]和[希望]。当语气人称指向发话方时,主要体现[提供]、[建议]、[思考]和[希望]。当语气人称指向受话方时,主要体现[命令]、[要求]、[建议]和[希望]。当语气人称指向第三方时,主要体现[坚决提议]和[希望]。具体来说,let结构的各种具体形式体现出不同的语气系统分布特征。let‘s结构和letus结构在语气特征上既有联系又有区别:该两种结构除了语气人称都主要指向会话双方,并主要体现[坚决提议]外,其语气人称还能在特定语境下指向发话方和受话方,体现[提供]、[建议]、[要求]等意义;所不同的是letus结构还能体现对受话方的[命令]。letme结构具有较强的语法化特征,在语气人称上有[发话方]和[受话方]两种选择,其中选择[发话方]的概率较大;在语气人称指向发话方时,主要体现[提供]和[建议];当语气人称指向受话方时,主要体现[要求]。let/him/her/them/it结构在语气人称上有[受话方]和[第三方]两种选择,其中选择[受话方]的概率较大;当语气人称指向受话方时,此类结构能体现[命令]、[要求]、[建议]和[希望]四种主要语气意义,其中[建议]和[要求]的分布概率较大;当语气人称指向第三方时,主要体现[坚决提议]和[希望],其中[坚决提议]的分布概率较大。letthere结构在现代英语中是一种规约式的、程式化的表达发话者臆想或希望的结构,其多体现[正式希望];只有在非常特殊的语境下,才有[受话方]语气人称选择,并体现[要求]。let+专名结构的语气人称也有[受话方]和[第三方]两种选择,但指向第三方的分布概率较大;当语气人称指向第三方时,主要体现[坚决提议];当语气人称指向受话方时,主要体现[建议]和[要求]。英语let结构语气人称和语气意义在语言实际使用中的多样性,为言语互动者的交际角色选择及其人际功能的实现提供了丰富的词汇语法资源。第三,在句法体现形式方面,let结构的句法体现形式与let的语义功能有较大的关涉。根据let的语义功能,该结构有两种功能结构:一种是具有实义动词特征的let引导的一般祈使句结构,其中let为主动词,潜在的受话者you为主语;另一种是具有语法化特征的let引导的特殊祈使句结构,其中起语气标记语功能的let为小句的直接成分(即l成分),let之后的名词词组为主语。从意义和形式的体现关系看,作为一般祈使句的let结构在及物性上的主要句法体现形式为:(s)^m^c,即隐性主语^主动词^补语;在语气上的主要句法体现形式为:(s)或(s)^o,即隐性主语或隐性主语^操作语。作为特殊祈使句的let结构在及物性上的主要句法体现形式为:s^m^c,即主语^主动词^补语;在语气上的主要句法体现形式为:l^s或o^l,即l成分^主语或操作语^l成分。letthere结构具有一定的特殊性,其及物性的句法体现形式主要为:m^c^(c),即主动词^补语^隐性补语;其语气的主要句法体现形式为:l^s,即l成分^主语。本研究基于《美国当代英语语料库》,在系统功能语言学的加的夫语法理论框架下,对英语let结构的及物性系统和语气系统作了较为精密的描写,并对该结构的句法体现形式作了较为详细的分析。在语义上,打破了主要从语气视角对该结构进行分析的局限;在句法上,从功能视角重新审视了该结构的句法问题。研究表明英语let结构是建构世界经验和践行人际关系的重要词汇语法资源。本研究凸显了系统功能语言学的多功能思想、系统思想、语境思想和词汇是最精密语法思想,验证了加的夫语法在解释具体语言现象上的适用性和可操作性,同时丰富和发展了系统功能语义理论和句法理论,对语篇描写、理论生成和外语教学都具有一定的研究启示。本研究对英语let结构的语义及其句法体现形式分析力求全面、系统,以期呈现该结构在真实语境中的使用本质。期待相关领域的未来研究能对该结构作出更加科学、全面、系统的解释。
[Abstract]:English let structure in this study, refers to the English let to guide the imperative sentence structure. The structure is a very complicated language phenomenon in modern English. Because of the particularity and the element of the stability of semantic and syntactic structure, which are typically marginalized in the imperative to study, few scholars of the the structure of meticulously and systematically study. Research on the let structure of the existing literature mainly focused on the syntactic level (POS let such as the structure of the subject, etc.), limited to the study of semantic structure, the semantic and syntactic structure of the body are also lack of empirical description of large-scale corpus based on the real data. In view of this, this study in systemic functional linguistics theory within the framework of the Cardiff grammar, corpus of contemporary American English based on < >, the transitivity system in English let structure, tone system and function The syntax for system analysis, in order to reveal the semantic and syntactic features of the structure, deepen the understanding of the nature of the structure, to enrich and develop the theory of systemic functional linguistics and general linguistics applied linguistics, and other linguistic theory to research the structure of reference. This research adopts the method of qualitative and quantitative, trying to solve the following three problems: first, English let structure which process types and participant roles configuration mode in transitivity system? How the distribution features of the structure and properties of? Second, English let structure tone said what is the relationship between mood and meaning? How the distribution features of the structure of the tone system third, let? What are the syntactic features of English syntactic structure? The transitivity and tone of the form is what kind of? In this study, introduces the research background, research significance The design and research, combing the status of research on English let structure at home and abroad, to clarify the contributions and shortcomings of the current research, provide the basis for further research on the structure; then introduces the Cardiff grammar, focuses on the research paradigm, transitivity system theory, theory and function of the tone system of syntactic theory, theoretical basis the establishment of this study, pointed out that the Cardiff grammar approach to English let structure; and then to the Cardiff grammar as the theoretical framework of English let structure of the transitivity system, mood system and functional syntax for a detailed description and analysis, aims to clear the experience of the structure in the actual use of language in the construction mode, communicative role and syntactic choice form; the final text of the summary. This research adopts the analysis method of the Cardiff grammar, 3221 let language structure collected from < > in the corpus of contemporary American English The material sampling detailed analysis and statistics based on the situational context, draw the following conclusions: first, in terms of transitivity, overall, English let structure in the transitivity process type, is mainly reflected in the action process, mental process, relational process and influence process; probability distribution of environmental processes is very small; the structure can not reflect the event - related process. In the process of type, action process mainly involves two participants; psychological process is mainly cognitive process; relationship mainly for location type and direction; influence process mainly involves the implicit action processes of transitivity types and let.Let structure can reflect the significance of the process of in the process. Types, grammatical usage action and psychological process mainly involves the structure of let; impact process mainly involves let verb usage; and the relationship between process and let Verb usage and grammar usage are involved. Specifically, the types of transitivity processes of various forms of let structure on the probability distribution showed a greater difference of.Let 's structure mainly reflects the course of action, mental and relational process, reflecting the impact of the probability distribution process is very small.Letus and let' s similar structure, different is the probability distribution of great influence in the structure; the let 's and letus structure in transitivity on both connections and differences. In letme, the probability distribution of the psychological process of the largest, followed by a course of action, relationship between the process and the influence probability distribution process had little difference the.Lethim/her/them structure in the process type of probability distribution is similar, which affect the process of distribution of probability is higher, other process types are small. The probability distribution in the letit structure, although the effect The maximum probability distribution process, but the process has a greater probability distribution; it can also reflect the environmental.Letthere structure mainly involves the relationship between process, process of single type. In let+ proper structure, although the impact probability distribution process is still the largest, but the probability distribution of the structure in the process of other types of lethim/her/them/it structure there are various types of transitivity processes significantly enhance the specific form of.Let structure according to the allocation patterns in the role and distribution system has obvious difference. The let structure and properties analysis shows that the construction of the complex human world experience in modern English, which reflects the important lexicogrammatical resources reality the rest of the world. Second, in tone, tone, tone and structure let person meaning by the situational context and individual discourse to strictly control the overall. 鏉ョ湅,璇ョ粨鏋勪富瑕佷綋鐜扮殑鏄痆琛屽姩鎻愯�甝鍜孾姝ｅ紡甯屾湜].鍦╗琛屽姩鎻愯�甝涓，

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