宋诗与宋代科举、教育研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 08:23

  本文关键词： 宋代 诗歌 科举 教育　出处：《河北大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文是以宋代诗歌为基本史料,以“诗史互证”为理路,对诗文进行历史维度下的解读,突破以往研究的窠臼,从新的视角对宋代科举、教育及相关问题进行研究。从文学发展的角度来讲,唐宋时期,是我国古代文化、教育发展的黄金时期,特别是唐、宋诗词并称为古代文学史上的奇葩。诗歌的发展繁荣与科举制度的勃兴有着密不可分的关系。如众所知,唐天宝年间,朝廷确立了以“诗赋取士”作为进士科考试的主要评判标准,虽然这一措施。对诗歌品质带来了一定的负面影响,但对诗歌的发展所带来积极作用更为显著。在《全唐诗》收录的四万多首诗中,有关科举的诗作近乎2500首,几乎囊括了唐代所有著名诗人,可以说,为唐代诗歌的繁盛提供了一定数量上的保障。北宋前期,朝廷依然沿用“诗赋取士”这一做法,为此一时期诗歌的繁盛奠定了一定的社会基础。而到了神宗时期,朝廷采用以“经义取士”的方式,特别是王安石以《三经新义》作为科举考试内容后,造成了士人知识面的狭窄,文章写作的浅陋空疏,直接导致了文学的衰落,甚至有学者称北宋末年为“文化荒漠”。所以,宋代诗歌的兴衰与科举考试内容的变化有着直接的关系。以历史维度的视野来看,北宋立国初年,出于政权稳定的需要,统治者高度重视科举制度的作用,不仅完善了制度建设,进一步取消门第之限,扩大录取人数,使得更多的读书人能够参与其中,可以说,在宋代读书—科举—入仕,成为大多数读书人的不懈追求和人生轨迹,也成为了他们最重要的社会阶梯。此一时期,古代商品经济获得了比较大的发展契机,在商品经济大潮的冲击下,人们的观念逐渐发生变化,“义利之辨”再次成为了社会广泛讨论的焦点。正是出于现实的考虑,大多数人将科举看作实现自身利益最大化的捷径,激发了他们博取功名的欲望,寄希望通过科举考试改变自身命运。因此,在宋人的文集中有近万首诗歌与科举和教育有关,字里行间充分表达了他们对科举的向往。而且在这些诗歌中,绝大部分是与现实的经济利益相联系,从一个层面上如实的反映了宋代读书人的心态和宋代社会历史的一个特殊面相。
[Abstract]:This article is based on the Song Dynasty poetry as the basic historical materials, "the history of poetry" as a rational way, to the historical dimension of the interpretation of poetry, breaking through the previous research, from a new perspective to the Song Dynasty imperial examination. From the perspective of the development of literature, the Tang and Song dynasties were the golden period of the development of ancient Chinese culture and education, especially the Tang Dynasty. Song poetry is called a wonderful flower in the history of ancient literature. The development and prosperity of poetry is closely related to the prosperity of imperial examination system. As everyone knows, Tang Tianbao years. The court established the "Shi Fu" as the main judge of the examination, although this measure has brought a certain negative impact on the quality of poetry. But the positive effect on the development of poetry is more obvious. Among the more than 40,000 poems collected in the whole Tang Dynasty, nearly 2, 500 poems about the imperial examination include almost all the famous poets of the Tang Dynasty, which can be said to be. Tang Dynasty poetry for the prosperity of a certain number of safeguards. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the court still followed the "poetry Fu" this practice. Therefore, the prosperity of poetry in this period laid a certain social foundation. In the period of Shenzong, the imperial court adopted the method of "taking the scholar by the classics and righteousness", especially after Wang Anshi took the "three Classics and New righteousness" as the examination content of the imperial examination. This resulted in the narrow knowledge of scholars, the shallow and sparse writing of the article, which directly led to the decline of literature, and some scholars even called the late Northern Song Dynasty "cultural desert". The rise and fall of poetry in Song Dynasty has a direct relationship with the changes in the content of imperial examinations. From the perspective of historical dimensions, the rulers attached great importance to the role of imperial examination system in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the need of political stability. Not only improve the system construction, further cancel the threshold of admission, expand the number of students, so that more scholars can participate in it, we can say, in the Song Dynasty-imperial examination-official. Become the unremitting pursuit and life track of most scholars, but also become their most important social ladder. In this period, the ancient commodity economy got a relatively large opportunity for development, under the impact of the commodity economy tide. The concept of people gradually changed, "the debate of righteousness and benefit" has become the focus of extensive social discussion again. It is out of practical considerations that most people regard the imperial examination as a shortcut to maximize their own interests. Inspired their desire to gain fame, hope through the imperial examination to change their destiny. Therefore, in the collection of Song Dynasty, there are nearly 10,000 poems related to imperial examinations and education. The lines fully express their yearning for the imperial examination. And in these poems, most of them are related to the economic interests of reality. It reflects truthfully the mentality of scholars in Song Dynasty and a special aspect of social history in Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K244
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本文编号：1472989