腾冲：一个内陆边疆县的近代变迁研究（1902-1949）

发布时间：2018-02-26 18:47

  本文关键词： 近代 腾冲 内陆边疆县 变迁　出处：《南京大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近代在中国历史上是一个变动非常剧烈的时期,学界有关近代中国变迁的成果已属不少,但研究存在着严重的区域不平衡性。总体来说,研究华北、江南、长江流域近代变迁的成果比较多,而关于内陆边疆地区的成果比较少。腾冲作为一个内陆边疆县,其近代变迁很有特点,对腾冲近代变迁的研究可以丰富近代中国变迁的研究。政治方面,近代是腾冲政治多变的一个时期。首先在近代腾冲逐渐成为滇西的行政中心,腾冲滇西行政中心的形成与1902年腾冲被增开为云南的第三个通商口岸有非常密切的联系,腾冲滇西行政中心的形成对腾冲地方社会的变迁有深远的影响。其次近代腾冲的行政区划也经历了很大的调整。近代腾冲的行政区划经历了较大的变动,最终它成为一个规范的县级建制单位。腾冲行政区划的调整除了与地方政治发展的需要有关,还与中缅边界的勘划有紧密联系。再次近代腾冲进行了资产阶级民主革命的尝试。在近代云南,腾冲是资产阶级革命派较早进行活动的地区,最终这一地区在云南首先取得了民主革命的胜利,并建立了革命政权,这对推动腾冲乃至云南地方政治的发展产生了巨大的影响。最后腾冲还进行了政治民主化的尝试。虽然腾冲在近代资产阶级民主革命方面走在了云南的前面,但其后在腾冲在政治民主化方面的进展则比较缓慢。经济方面,腾冲的各经济门类经历了快慢不一的发展。在传统中国社会,农业是根本,但就腾冲地方而言,近代农业的发展总体来说是非常缓慢的。腾冲的工业与中国其他地方一样,起步比较晚,而且不成规模,其发展主要集中在轻工业方面。在各经济门类中,腾冲的商业发展是最快的。在近代中国的国门被打开之前,腾冲一直是滇西对外贸易的中心,腾冲增开为通商口岸后,腾冲的商业得到更加快速的发展。在新式交通方面,近代腾冲曾先后尝试过铁路、公路、航空的建设,但总体成效不大。社会方面,近代腾冲在某些方面经历了较大的变动。在社会习俗观念方面,进入近代特别是民国后,腾冲民间的很多习俗观念被归入陋习行列,政府和民间对这些习俗观念进行了改造,取得了一定的成绩。在社会生活方面。由于腾冲地处边疆,与外部世界的交往较为密切,因之近代腾冲的社会生活中也出现了很多新事物,如西式建筑、外国商品、外来语言等。在社会服务方面。近代腾冲在西医、通讯、银行等方面均有不同程度的发展。在民众国家意识方面。在近代腾冲的社会变迁中,随着时代的变化,在国家和民众危机中,腾冲的普通民众在家园意识基础之上逐渐有了国家意识,这种意识在抗日战争时期得到完全的升华。文化教育方面,近代腾冲取得了比较大的成绩。随着近代腾冲与外部世界交往的频密,在西方世界和内地一些城市中扮演着重要角色的现代社团也开始在腾冲出现,在近代腾冲出现的诸多新式社团中,比较有影响的是和顺崇新会,和顺崇新会在推动腾冲社会的发展方面做出了突出贡献。图书作为传播文化知识的载体,近代腾冲的有识之士很早就意识到它的重要性,近代腾冲出现了包括和顺图书馆在内的多个有影响的图书馆,这些图书馆有力地推进动了腾冲地方文化事业的发展。另近代腾冲的各类机构团体为宣传它们的主张,创办了一些比较有影响的报刊杂志,代表性的有《和顺乡》和《腾越日报》等。在近代之前,腾冲作为一个内陆边疆地区,其教育起步较早。进入近代后,由于各界重视,近代腾冲建立了比较完整的教育体系。在近代腾冲的变迁过程中,有些方面发展比较快,如商业和文化方面,有些方面则发展缓慢,如农业和工业方面。但不论是快还是慢,商人、华侨、乡贤三个群体均在其中扮演着重要角色,同时边疆、民族和战争三种因素也对腾冲的近代变迁有深远影响。
[Abstract]:In the history of modern Chinese is a period of change dramatically, scholars of modern Chinese change is a lot of research results, but there is a serious regional imbalance. In general, the study of the North China, Jiangnan, modern change in the Yangtze River Basin results more close to the inland border area is little achievement Tengchong as an inland frontier County, the modern changes are characteristic of research on modern transformation of Tengchong can enrich modern Chinese changes. The political aspect, modern Tengchong is a period of political changing. First in modern Tengchong has gradually become the administrative center of Tengchong, the administrative center of Tengchong was formed in 1902 to open third ports in Yunnan have very close contact, have a profound impact on changes in the formation of Tengchong local society in Tengchong. The administrative center of the second Tengchong modern administration Division also experienced a big adjustment. The administrative division of modern Tengchong has undergone great changes, eventually it became a standard level units in Tengchong. The adjustment of administrative divisions in addition to the development and local politics, and also of Burma assigned are closely linked. The attempt of the bourgeois democratic revolution again time in modern Tengchong. In modern Yunnan, Tengchong is the earlier bourgeois revolutionary activities in the region, eventually this region first achieved the victory of the democratic revolution in Yunnan, and the establishment of the revolutionary regime, it had a great influence on promoting the development of Tengchong and Yunnan local politics. Finally, Tengchong also attempted political democracy the Tengchong. Although in the modern bourgeois democratic revolution in front of Yunnan, but in Tengchong in terms of political democratization progress is relatively slow economic. Tengchong, the economic category has experienced a fast development. In the traditional Chinese society, agriculture is fundamental, but in Tengchong, the overall development of modern agriculture is very slow. The industry of Tengchong and other places Chinese, started relatively late, but not on a large scale, its development mainly concentrated in light industry. In the economic category, the commercial development of Tengchong is the fastest. In modern Chinese before the door is opened, Tengchong has been in the foreign trade center, Tengchong opened as a trading port, Tengchong business more quickly. In the development of new transportation, modern Tengchong has tried railway, highway, aviation and construction, but the overall effect is not significant. In modern society, Tengchong has undergone great changes in some aspects. In the social custom, especially in the Republic of China in modern times, Tengchong folk A lot of custom habits were included in the ranks, the government and the transformation of these folk custom, and achieved certain results. In the aspect of social life. Because Tengchong is located in the border area, close contacts with the outside world, because of the modern social life of Tengchong also appeared a lot of new things, such as western style building, foreign the goods, foreign language. In terms of social services in modern Tengchong. In western medicine, communications, banking and other aspects of development in varying degrees. The people in the national consciousness. In the society of modern Tengchong, along with the time change, in the national and public crisis, Tengchong ordinary people gradually have on national consciousness home consciousness foundation, this consciousness fully sublimation during the Anti Japanese war. Culture and education, modern Tengchong has achieved great achievement. With the development of modern Tengchong and the outside world communication frequency Dense, in the western world and the mainland some city plays an important role in modern societies also began to appear in Tengchong, in many modern societies in modern Tengchong in the more influential and is Chong Chong Xinhui Xinhui, and made outstanding contributions in promoting the development of Tengchong society. The book as a carrier of culture knowledge in modern Tengchong, a person with breadth of vision have been aware of the importance of it in modern Tengchong, the emergence of a number of influential libraries including Heshun library, the library, effectively promote the development of the Tengchong local cultural undertakings. Other modern Tengchong various organizations to publicize their ideas, set up some of the more influential newspapers and magazines, representative of the Heshun Township < > and < >. Daily vault before modern times, Tengchong as an inland border area, the education started earlier in. After the generation, because of the attention from all walks of life in Tengchong, established a relatively complete education system. In the evolution of modern Tengchong, some aspects of the development of faster, such as commercial and cultural aspects, some aspects such as the slow development of agriculture and industry. But whether it is fast or slow, businessmen, overseas Chinese, Xian three groups both play important roles in the frontier, at the same time, has a far-reaching influence and national war three factors on Tengchong modern change.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K29
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本文编号：1539249