中国外交部新闻发言人例行记者会中合作原则的偏离现象研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 06:20

本文选题：外交部发言人答记者问　切入点：合作原则　出处：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：外交部例行记者招待会在国际风云变幻莫测的今天，对于宣传我国的外交政策及阐述我国对国际问题的立场和看法有着不可忽视的作用。本文通过格赖斯的合作原则理论，，对外交部例行记者招待会中外交部发言人的回答进行定性和定量相结合的分析，探究发言人违反合作原则所想要达到的效果，并且揭示在某些回答中发言人话语中的深层含义。本论文分析的数据材料全部来源于2010年1月1日至2010年7月1日中国外交部官方网站上外交部发言人答记者问原文，共包括49场记者会，706个提问与回答。通过研究发现，在通常情况下，发言人不违反合作原则（占总答问比例的47.8%）。而发言人在例行记者会上的答问偏离合作原则时所希望达到的效果如下： 1.发言人想要完全回避某个问题。（占总答问比例的18.7%） 2.发言人为了更加礼貌，从而遵守礼貌原则而违反合作原则。（占总答问比例的2.7%） 3.发言人想要进一步阐述中国在某问题上的立场。（占总答问比例的1.2%） 4.发言人想要间接回应记者的问题，从而违反合作原则，产生会话含义。（占总答问比例的29.6%）由此可见，在多半情况下，发言人都不得不违反合作原则来进行回答，主要是因为外交形势复杂多变，记者提问大都涉及敏感、机密等棘手问题而导致的。同时，违反数量原则又分为三种情况：1.单纯违反数量准则2.宣布违反合作原则后，违反数量准则3.完全合作后，违反数量准则。这说明，中国在和平发展的过程中，难免会面对诸多质疑、猜忌和误解，因此为了防止授人以柄和减少恶意误解和中伤，发言人常常不得不违反数量准则来更多地阐述中方的立场和观点。本文通过运用语用学理论来分析外交部发言人的回答，拓宽了语用学在实际对话中的应用范围，有助于理解发言人话语中的会话含义。同时，在我国不断加强信息发布机制的今天，有助于各级政府部门完善新闻发布制度以及对发言人回答记者提问给予一定参考。
[Abstract]:The routine press conference of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has played an important role in publicizing China's foreign policy and explaining our country's position and views on international issues in today's unpredictable international situation. To make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Foreign Ministry spokesman's reply during the routine press conference of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and to explore the effect that the spokesman wants to achieve when he violates the principle of cooperation. The data materials analyzed in this paper all come from the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China from January 1, 2010 to July 1, 2010. A total of 49 press conferences and 706 questions and answers. The study found that, under normal circumstances, the spokesman does not violate the principle of cooperation (47.8 per cent of the total answer). The following results are expected when the speaker's question and answer at a regular press conference deviates from the principle:. 1. The speaker would like to avoid a question altogether (18.7% of the total answer). 2. The speaker violated the principle of cooperation in order to be more polite, thereby adhering to the principle of politeness. (2.7% of the total answer). 3. The speaker would like to elaborate further on China's position on an issue. (1.2% of the total answer). 4. The speaker wants to respond indirectly to journalists' questions, thus violating the principle of cooperation and creating conversational implicature. It can be seen from this that, in most cases, the spokesman has to answer in violation of the principle of cooperation, mainly because of the complex and changeable diplomatic situation and the fact that most of the questions raised by reporters involve sensitive, confidential and other difficult questions. At the same time, The violation of the principle of quantity is further divided into three situations: 1.The mere violation of the principle of quantity 2.After the declaration of violation of the principle of cooperation, the violation of the principle of quantity 3.After full cooperation, the violation of the criterion of quantity. This shows that China is in the process of peaceful development. Inevitably, there are many doubts, suspicions and misunderstandings, so in order to prevent misunderstandings and reduce malicious misunderstandings and slander, the spokesman often has to violate the quantitative criteria to explain more of China's position and views. By applying pragmatic theory to the analysis of the Foreign Ministry spokesman's reply, this paper widens the scope of application of pragmatics in practical dialogue and helps to understand the conversational implicature in the speaker's discourse. Nowadays, strengthening the mechanism of information release in our country is helpful for government departments at all levels to perfect the press release system and to give a certain reference to the spokesman in answering the reporter's questions.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H13

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