现实与梦境—日记中的卡夫卡形象
发布时间：2018-12-10 07:50
【摘要】：作为20世纪最有影响力的德语小说家，卡夫卡及其作品长期以来被冠以各种流派的鼻祖。关于他的论著非常之多，大家把关注点大都集中在文学作品和生平传记上，而把卡夫卡的日记当成了其他论著的辅助工具，其自身的特性和体现的真实内涵反而被忽视了。 日记中的卡夫卡形象应该视为破解卡夫卡之谜的一把钥匙。本文就是试图以日记为切入点，试图为大家展示卡夫卡在日记中的独特形象。本文从三个方面切入，第一部分，梳理日记中卡夫卡对家庭和社会生活的观察与思考，向读者展示卡夫卡在父亲的神圣权力下的挣扎，更重要的是想展示卡夫卡的抗争和自我超越。在家庭生活中重点分析了卡夫卡与父母的爱恨纠葛；在社会生活的观察里则主要梳理卡夫卡眼中的现代工作体制，世界大战和社会不合理的现实，把立足点放在他对犹太民族的反思上，突出卡夫卡从父与子关系里领悟到一切集权模式的共通性问题。第二部分，剖析了卡夫卡日记中的创作和正式写作之间的关系，以时间为线索，从四个方面展开，首先是探索积累期，以《城市世界》为代表性成果，这部作品可以看作是卡夫卡整个创作生涯的转折性作品；其次是创作《审判》的时期，这个时期的日记可以看出卡夫卡在思想和创作方面的突破；再次，卡夫卡从家庭生活的困顿和类似战争的体验中开始创作的转折和调整；最后，卡夫卡从个人家庭父与子的小范围走出，哲理反思了这一模式的无处不在，从而和父亲达成某种和解，最终在文学世界里成就了伟大。第三个部分，分析卡夫卡日记中最为独特的部分——对梦境大量而详细的记录和描写。本文以弗洛伊德精神分析学等理论为依据，在梦境和现实的关系以及梦境和创作的关系中寻觅卡夫卡作为欲望洞察者的影踪。 在日记里，卡夫卡真实地记录了自己在日常生活中的所思所感，无论从真实程度还是思想性上都无疑是理解和考察卡夫卡的最佳资料。日记以及在记日记期间的文学创作正是卡夫卡抗争的最大成果，，相比较文学创作，日记显然更真实和可靠地记录了他与生存抗争的点点滴滴。 卡夫卡被誉为人类最伟大的天才，那些在研究卡夫卡及其作品的学者们前赴后继的身影告诉我们，卡夫卡的作品随着时间的推移，不仅不会过时，而且还会不断地被重新“发现”，成为足以指导我们生存的“圣经”。本文从文本细读入手，对卡夫卡日记进行全面整理和研究。在日记中力图找寻独具特色的卡夫卡形象，从现实和梦境的角度，以对比的视角对卡夫卡形象进行诠释，希望能提供一些可以参考的空间。
[Abstract]:As the most influential German novelist in the 20 th century, Kafka and his works have long been the ancestors of various genres. There are so many works about him that most of them focus on literary works and biographies, while Kafka's diary is regarded as the auxiliary tool of other works, and its own characteristics and true connotation are ignored. The image of Kafka in the diary should be regarded as a key to solve the riddle of Kafka. This paper tries to show the unique image of Kafka in the diary. In the first part, the author combs Kafka's observation and reflection on family and social life in the diary, and shows readers the struggle of Kafka under his father's sacred power. What is more important is to show Kafka's resistance and self-transcendence. In the family life, the author analyzes Kafka's love and hate disputes with his parents. In the observation of social life, he mainly combed the modern work system, the world war and the unreasonable social reality in Kafka's eyes, and put his foothold on his reflection on the Jewish nation. It highlights Kafka's understanding of the commonality of all centralization models from the relationship between father and son. The second part analyzes the relationship between the creation and the formal writing in Kafka's diary. It starts from four aspects with time as the clue. First, it explores the accumulation period and takes the Urban World as the representative achievement. This work can be regarded as a turning point in Kafka's entire creative career. Secondly, it is the period of creating trial, the diary of this period can see Kafka's breakthrough in thought and creation, thirdly, Kafka begins to create the turning point and adjustment from the difficult life of family life and the experience of similar war. Finally Kafka came out of the small range of father and son of the individual family and philosophically reflected on the omnipresence of this model and reached some kind of reconciliation with his father and finally made great achievements in the literary world. In the third part, we analyze the most unique part of Kafka's diary-the abundant and detailed recording and description of dreams. Based on Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, this paper looks for Kafka as the shadow of the perceptor of desire in the relationship between dream and reality and between dream and creation. In the diary, Kafka truly records his thoughts and feelings in daily life, which is undoubtedly the best material for understanding and investigating Kafka in terms of its true degree and ideological content. Diary and literary creation during the period of keeping diary are the greatest achievements of Kafka's struggle. Compared with literary creation, the diary clearly and reliably records his struggle for survival bit by bit. Kafka is regarded as the greatest genius of mankind, and the scholars who study Kafka and his works tell us that the works of Kafka will not be out of date over time. And it will be constantly rediscovered as the Bible that guides our existence. This article starts from the text careful reading, carries on the comprehensive arrangement and the research to the Kafka diary. This paper tries to find the unique image of Kafka in the diary, and from the angle of reality and dream, interprets the image of Kafka from the perspective of contrast, hoping to provide some space for reference.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I521.076
本文编号：2370236
[Abstract]:As the most influential German novelist in the 20 th century, Kafka and his works have long been the ancestors of various genres. There are so many works about him that most of them focus on literary works and biographies, while Kafka's diary is regarded as the auxiliary tool of other works, and its own characteristics and true connotation are ignored. The image of Kafka in the diary should be regarded as a key to solve the riddle of Kafka. This paper tries to show the unique image of Kafka in the diary. In the first part, the author combs Kafka's observation and reflection on family and social life in the diary, and shows readers the struggle of Kafka under his father's sacred power. What is more important is to show Kafka's resistance and self-transcendence. In the family life, the author analyzes Kafka's love and hate disputes with his parents. In the observation of social life, he mainly combed the modern work system, the world war and the unreasonable social reality in Kafka's eyes, and put his foothold on his reflection on the Jewish nation. It highlights Kafka's understanding of the commonality of all centralization models from the relationship between father and son. The second part analyzes the relationship between the creation and the formal writing in Kafka's diary. It starts from four aspects with time as the clue. First, it explores the accumulation period and takes the Urban World as the representative achievement. This work can be regarded as a turning point in Kafka's entire creative career. Secondly, it is the period of creating trial, the diary of this period can see Kafka's breakthrough in thought and creation, thirdly, Kafka begins to create the turning point and adjustment from the difficult life of family life and the experience of similar war. Finally Kafka came out of the small range of father and son of the individual family and philosophically reflected on the omnipresence of this model and reached some kind of reconciliation with his father and finally made great achievements in the literary world. In the third part, we analyze the most unique part of Kafka's diary-the abundant and detailed recording and description of dreams. Based on Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, this paper looks for Kafka as the shadow of the perceptor of desire in the relationship between dream and reality and between dream and creation. In the diary, Kafka truly records his thoughts and feelings in daily life, which is undoubtedly the best material for understanding and investigating Kafka in terms of its true degree and ideological content. Diary and literary creation during the period of keeping diary are the greatest achievements of Kafka's struggle. Compared with literary creation, the diary clearly and reliably records his struggle for survival bit by bit. Kafka is regarded as the greatest genius of mankind, and the scholars who study Kafka and his works tell us that the works of Kafka will not be out of date over time. And it will be constantly rediscovered as the Bible that guides our existence. This article starts from the text careful reading, carries on the comprehensive arrangement and the research to the Kafka diary. This paper tries to find the unique image of Kafka in the diary, and from the angle of reality and dream, interprets the image of Kafka from the perspective of contrast, hoping to provide some space for reference.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I521.076
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王亚宁;;犹太民族与土地的特殊关系[J];陕西教育学院学报;2006年03期
本文编号：2370236
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