日常会话中的语用预设研究

发布时间：2022-12-06 02:32

　　以往的语言学领域中,预设在一直被语言学家作为一种语言现象来研究。预设依赖于一定的语言结构,因此它首先被语言学家作为一种语义现象来研究。随着语用学的兴起,语言学家提出了一系列的语用学理论来阐释预设现象,语用预设就是结合人类话语交际过程来对预设进行的研究。本论文的目的在于研究语用预设在日常会话中的作用,以及说话人是如何运用语用预设达到有效会话的。 本文介绍了与预设相关的理论,如预设作为命题态度,预设作为适当条件,预设作为共有知识和预设的可取消性。通过陈述人类日常会话的过程,强调了语用预设在说话人的话语构建和听话人的话语理解方面所起的主要作用。在格赖斯的合作原则的基础上,提出了运用语用预设的准则（诚信准则和质量准则）,并分析了日常会话中语用预设的特征——即合适性,共知性,主观性,隐蔽性和非规约性。通过讨论常规诱发语和会话诱发语,提出了说话人可以通过运用语音手段,词汇手段和句子手段等来操控语用预设以达到成功交际。最后,总结了语用预设在日常会话中的作用,即简洁明了,传递信息和达到特殊交际目的。 因此,合理的运用语用预设有助于达到成功会话。通过研究日常会话中的语用预设,本文旨在... 

【文章页数】：63 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
PartⅠ Introduction
    1.1 Research Background
    1.2 Objective
    1.3 Significance
    1.4 Framework
PartⅡ Literature Review of Presupposition
    2.1 Overview of Previous Studies on Presupposition
        2.1.1 Overview of Studies in West
        2.1.2 Overview of Studies in China
    2.2 Classification of Presupposition
        2.2.1 Semantic Presupposition
        2.2.2 Pragmatic Presupposition
        2.2.3 Relationship between Semantic and Pragmatic Presupposition
    2.3 Presupposition & Related Terms
        2.3.1 Presupposition and Entailment
        2.3.2 Presupposition and Assertion
        2.3.3 Presupposition and Information Focus
    2.4 Theories Related to Presupposition
        2.4.1 Propositional Attitude
        2.4.2 Felicity Condition
        2.4.3 Mutual Knowledge
        2.4.4 Cancellability
Part Ⅲ Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations
    3.1 Daily Conversation
        3.1.1 Process of Human Daily Conversations
        3.1.2 Human Cognition in Daily Conversations
    3.2 Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations
        3.2.1 Pragmatic Presupposition in Utterance Construction
        3.2.2 Pragmatic Presupposition in Utterance Understanding
        3.2.3 Pragmatic Presupposition & Co-operative Principles
        3.2.4 The Principles of Employing Pragmatic Presupposition
            3.2.4.1 Sincerity Maxim
            3.2.4.2 Quantity Maxim
    3.3 Properties of Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations
        3.3.1 Property of Felicity
        3.3.2 Property of Common Ground
        3.3.3 Property of Subjectiveness
        3.3.4 Property of Latency
        3.3.5 Property of Unconventionality
Part Ⅳ Manipulation of Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations
    4.1 Presupposition Triggers
        4.1.1 Conventional triggers
        4.1.2 Conversational Triggers
    4.2 Devices for the Employment of Pragmatic Presupposition
        4.2.1 Phonological Devices
        4.2.2 Lexical Devices
        4.2.3 Syntactic Devices
        4.2.4 Summary: Integrated Employment of These Devices
    4.3 Effects of Pragmatic Presupposition to Effective Conversations
        4.3.1 Being Economic
        4.3.2 Transmitting Information
        4.3.3 Achieving Special Communicative Intention
Part Ⅴ Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements


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