胡塞尔的理性目的论研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 13:12

  本文关键词：胡塞尔的理性目的论研究　出处：《中山大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 胡塞尔 目的论 形而上学 理性 无限性

【摘要】：目的论是西方哲学传统中的一个重要主题。从现有的文献来看,胡塞尔对目的论也有许多研究,而且越到后期,这个主题显得越发重要。然而胡塞尔对现象学目的论的讨论既不系统也不连贯,这使得我们有必要对它做一个相对完整的梳理和研究,以凸显目的论在胡塞尔现象学中的鲜明特点和重要作用,同时为我们辨析胡塞尔如何在目的论上继承和发展西方的目的论思想提供一个基础。根据目的论在胡塞尔现象学中所涉及的不同主题,我们将章节划分如下:第一章首先讨论主体性目的论。第一节主要探讨意向和充实的动态的目的论结构,以及内时间意识中前摄的目的论趋向。这是胡塞尔现象学的目的论研究的基础,因为意向性认识论和时间意识结构的研究是从事一切意识研究的根本出发点,其它方面的目的论趋向或多或少对这个基础都有所回溯。第二节则涉及主体在被动发生阶段的本能目的论学说。发生现象学的研究表明,被动发生总是处于各种法则的支配之下,而位于被动发生底层的本能更是有十分鲜明的目的论特征。胡塞尔曾多次强调,交互主体性目的论的根源就在本能和本欲之中,它揭示的是更高一个层次上的目的论作用。因此,第三节即是讨论这种主动的、更高层次的目的论。此外,交互主体性目的论的讨论还可以与第二章和第三章的内容相衔接。第二章的研究重点是历史目的论。历史目的论是胡塞尔目的论思想的重要组成部分,也是相对完整的现象学目的论论述。鉴于胡塞尔在历史问题上前后态度的转变,我们有必要在第一节先处理历史与现象学的关系。而在第二节中,我们会突出理念化在观念史发展中的关键作用,正是理念化的运作导致了近代以来自然科学乃至一切科学的发展方向,并且引起一系列危机。胡塞尔将理念化的发展描述成是反目的论的,对它的克服需要回溯到生活世界和超越论主体性上来。这样一种回溯实际上就是对超越论主体性中的目的论的恢复。在第三节,正面阐述胡塞尔的哲学目的论观念以及这种观念的历史传承成了我们的主题。胡塞尔认为,现象学是对古希腊哲学,尤其是近代主体性哲学的继承和发展。哲学史的发展被描述为是一个目的论的过程。现象学的形而上学由单子论、目的论和神学三个部分组成,因此第三章的内容就是在形而上学的框架中来考察目的论的观念。第一节我们要探讨的是单子论与目的论的关系。我们认为,胡塞尔的目的论与莱布尼茨的前定和谐学说在单子论中的差异,体现了他们的形而上学在品格上的不同。第二节则是关于伦理学与目的论的讨论。我们先梳理了胡塞尔伦理思想的发展,再在此基础上阐明目的论于其中的作用。其中一个隐含的意图是,表明形式-质料的目的论图式在胡塞尔伦理学中的体现。伦理学中最高善的问题也是神学问题,所以在伦理学之后,我们将讨论神学这个最高的和最终的问题。由于现象学的特点,现象学的神学必然不同于传统神学。然而,究竟如何建立这样一门神学呢?也许胡塞尔并没有来得及给我们指出最终的答案,而只是提示了一些思考这个问题的方向,比如我们或许可以通过目的论的方式来接近上帝。
[Abstract]:Skopostheorie is an important theme in traditional western philosophy. From the existing literature, Husserl also has a lot of research on the skopos theory, and more to the latter, this theme becomes more and more important. However the discussion of Husserl's phenomenology of Skopos theory is neither systematic nor coherent, which makes it is necessary for us to do a the relatively complete research on it, and an important role in the theory of convex conspicuous distinctive features in Husserl's phenomenology, and to provide a basis for us to analyze how Husserl inherited and developed in Western teleology teleological thinking. According to skopos theory in different subjects involved in Husserl's phenomenology. We will be divided into chapters as follows: the first chapter discusses the subjectivity of the skopos theory. The first section mainly discusses the intention and enrich the dynamic structure of teleology, and the consciousness of internal time in proactive teleology trend. This is Hu Sai Basic research, the purpose of phenomenology theory, because the intention of understanding research theory and time consciousness structure is the basic starting point in all consciousness research and other aspects of the Skopos Theory on this basis has tended to more or less backtracking. The second section is subject to the occurrence in the passive stage instinct theory. Phenomenological research objective the passive is always in control all sorts of laws, and is located in the bottom of the passive instinct is a very distinctive feature on purpose. Husserl has repeatedly stressed that the main purpose of the interaction in the root of instinct and desire, it reveals that a higher level of purpose on the role. Therefore, the third section is a discussion of this initiative, the higher level of Skopos theory. In addition, the discussion of the purpose of the interaction can also link up with the second and third chapter of the article content. The two chapter focuses on the study of historical teleology. The teleology of history is an important part of Husserl's teleology, is also a relatively complete phenomenological theory to discuss. In view of change before and after Husserl in the history of the problem of attitude, our relationship is necessary in the first section the history and phenomenology. And in section second a key role, we will highlight the concept in the history of ideas in the development, it is the concept of the operation lead since modern natural science and all scientific development direction, and caused a series of crisis. The development of the concept of Husserl will be described as enemies of the theory, to overcome its need to return to the world of life and transcendental subjectivity. Such a backtracking is actually on the recovery of transcendental subjectivity in skopos theory. In the third section, elaborated Husserl's theory of positive philosophy concept and the concept of Read the history as our theme. Husserl believes that the phenomenology of ancient Greek philosophy, especially the inheritance and development of modern philosophy of subjectivity. The development of the history of philosophy is described as a teleological process. The phenomenology of metaphysics by monadism, three parts of teleology and theology. The third chapter is the metaphysical framework to study the teleological concept. We will explore the first section is the relationship between the monad theory and skopos theory. We believe that Husserl's teleology and Leibniz's theory of harmony on the list before the difference theory, embodied their metaphysics in the character of the different second section is the discussion on ethics and skopos theory. We first combed the development of Husserl's ethical thoughts, to clarify the basis of Skopos Theory in the role. One implied intention is that table The form material of the skopos theory embodied in Husserl's ethics. In the schema of the highest good ethics is theology, ethics and so on, we will discuss the highest theology and the final problem. Because of the characteristics of phenomenology, phenomenological theology is different from the traditional theology. However, how to establish such a theology? Maybe Husserl did not have pointed out to us the final answer, but that some think of this direction, such as we may approach God through the objective on the way.

【学位授予单位】：中山大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B516.52
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本文编号：1359911