春秋文研究

发布时间：2018-02-17 01:28

  本文关键词： 春秋文章 《左传》 《国语》 口宣之言 辞令 谏体文 家族作家群体 地域文化 雅正审美　出处：《上海大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：文学史著作中,东周散文一般被划分为以《左传》、《国语》、《战国策》等为代表的史传散文和以《论语》、《老子》、《孟子》等诸子百家著述为代表的诸子散文。这导致认识上两个方面的模糊,其一是具体时代的难以明确,其二是混同了以部为单位的著作和以篇章为单位的散文。实际上自唐代刘知几提出《左传》作者摘录春秋成文的观点后,春秋时代的散文篇章就逐渐从经史著作中浮出。然而一方面是春秋文章不断得到文章家的辑录,另一方面各种评点、专题研究仍以专书为视点,春秋文章面貌仍难确知。因此,试图将二者有机结合起来对春秋文进行宏观理论研究,构成本研究的主要内容。从外在形态层面来说,春秋文处于中国古代文章从口宣之言走向书面成文的过渡阶段,两种形态并存而以口宣为主,口宣之言已经具备书面文章的基本要素并表现出一定的文体特征。最能体现春秋时代文章特征的主要文体是劝谏体和辞令体,劝谏体文章后来成为中国古代奏议类的重要文体,而辞令则因为政治的变迁而不再辉煌。口宣之文促进了书面成文的生成,可以确知的春秋成文主要为各国往来的文书,其直接来源当为辞令;而作为口宣形态的劝谏之言和后世的谏体文已经极为接近。从内部层面来讲,春秋文的作家群体构成以各国卿大夫为主体,并形成颇具时代特色的卿大夫家族作家群体;春秋文所表达的思想内容反映的是这个阶层的价值观念,即所谓的贵族精神,这种精神对于个体重在立足于“敬”的修身思想,对于社会则是围绕德政的种种理念,这种精神对于整个士大夫群体具有一致性,但也有基于不同诸侯国的地域差异性而形成的文化碰撞与发展;春秋文章的思想内容影响其审美风格趋于雅正,这种审美风格成为中国古代文章的一个主要审美取向。
[Abstract]:In the works of literary history, The prose of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is generally divided into historical prose represented by Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu, Zhanguo Policy and others, and those represented by hundred works written by the Analects of Confucius, Laozi and Mencius. One is that it is difficult to define the specific times, the other is the mixing of works based on ministry and prose based on text. In fact, since Liu Zhiji of Tang Dynasty put forward the viewpoint that the author of "Zuo Zhuan" excerpted the writings of the Spring and Autumn period, The prose chapters of the Spring and Autumn period have gradually emerged from the classics and historical works. However, on the one hand, the articles of the Spring and Autumn period are constantly compiled by the writers, on the other hand, the special studies still take the special books as the viewpoint, and the features of the articles are still difficult to know with certainty. This paper attempts to combine the two theories organically to carry on the macroscopic theoretical research on the Spring and Autumn text, which constitutes the main content of this study. From the external morphological level, the Spring and Autumn text is in the transitional stage of the ancient Chinese articles from the word of oral proclamation to the written writing. The two forms coexist and the main form is oral propaganda. The words of oral propaganda have already possessed the basic elements of written articles and have shown certain stylistic features. The main styles that can best reflect the characteristics of the articles in the Spring and Autumn period are the persuasive style and the lexical style. The article of persuading and remonstrating became an important style in ancient China, but the rhetoric was no longer brilliant because of the change of politics. The oral prose promoted the formation of written writing, and the writing written in the Spring and Autumn period was known to be mainly for the exchange of documents between various countries. Its direct source should be rhetoric, and the words of persuasion as a form of oral propaganda are very close to those of later generations. On the internal level, the writers of the Spring and Autumn inscriptions are mainly composed of officials from all over the world. The ideological content expressed in the Spring and Autumn period reflects the value of this stratum, that is, the so-called aristocratic spirit, which is based on the self-cultivation thought of "respect" for an individual. For society, there are various ideas about morality and government. This spirit is consistent for the whole group of literati and officials, but there is also the cultural collision and development based on the regional differences of different countries. The ideological content of the Spring and Autumn essay influences its aesthetic style, which has become a main aesthetic orientation of ancient Chinese articles.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I206.2
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本文编号：1516898