陕北晋语词汇研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 05:19

  本文关键词： 陕北晋语 词汇 内外比较 特色高频词 风物词 古语词 构词法　出处：《陕西师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：陕北晋语,指的是陕北榆林和延安两市有入声的方言,包括榆阳区、府谷、神木、靖边、横山、佳县、米脂、吴堡、绥德、子洲、清涧(以上属于榆林市)、宝塔区、吴起、志丹、安塞、子长、延川、延长、甘泉(以上属于延安市)。本文选取这19个区县的城关话为调查对象,通过共时描写、内外比较、特色词、底层词的挖掘和构词法的梳理,揭示了陕北晋语词汇的特点及内外差异,进而为陕北晋语的内部分区提供了词汇上的支持。全文共分为六章。第一章简单介绍了陕北晋语所在区的地理环境、历史沿革、方言特点及研究现状、价值和方法等。地理重点介绍河流的分布,在沟壑阻隔的山区,河流对方言的发展演变有着重要的作用。第二章是陕北晋语词汇的内外比较。通过比较我们发现陕北晋语是晋语的一部分,陕北晋语内部一致性很高,但仍有一定的差异,从北到南可分为两大区域:清涧、子长以北为北部,晋语特征明显,最北端的神府区与内蒙古晋语关系密切;清涧、子长以南为陕北晋语南区,受中原官话的影响深刻,尤以洛河川一带所受影响最大。从东到西,陕北晋语词汇大致可以分为三个区域:东部近河区受山西晋语的影响较大,黄河两岸的一致性较强;西部远河区更多地受到中原官话的影响;中部为陕北晋语腹地,受其他方言影响较小。最后在内部“纵向贯通、横向阻隔”和外部“横向贯通、纵向阻隔”的情况下形成了陕北晋语的核心区。核心区以外的地方,陕北晋语词汇在地理上呈现出从西到东、从南到北中原官话特征越来越弱、晋语特征越来越明显的特征,这是本文的重点部分。接下来的第三、四、五、六章分别从不同角度来进一步印证陕北晋语词汇的特色及内外差异。其中高频词、风物词是从共时平面、以个体例证的方式来展示陕北晋语的特色及内部差异的。古语词是从历时的角度来揭示陕北晋语的底层成分及构成的,我们发现陕北晋语内部在共时平面上虽有差异,但其底层词成分的一致性大于差异性。构词法是最能区别不同方言系属的,通过构词法的内外比较我们明确了陕北晋语是晋语的一部分,是与中原官话系属不同的一种方言。本文的主要观点是:一、陕北晋语是一种独具特色的、古老的方言;二、陕北晋语词汇的研究成果可以帮助我们更为客观地处理方言归属,可用来支持语音上的分区。最后,我们以本文的研究成果为参考,将陕北晋语内部分为以下四小片:①五台片:府谷、神木、米脂、绥德、子洲、子长;②大包片:靖边、榆林、横山;③吕梁片:佳县、吴堡、清涧、延川、神木南乡(万镇、贺家川)、绥德沿河区(河底、枣林坪);④志延片:延长、吴起、志丹、安塞、延安、甘泉。
[Abstract]:The Jin dialect in Northern Shaanxi refers to the dialects spoken in Yulin and Yan'an, including Yuyang District, Fugu, Shenmu, Jingbian, Hengshan, Jiaxian, Mizhi, Wubao, Suide, Zizhou, Qingjian (above belong to Yulin City, Baota District, Wu Qi, Zhidan, Ansai, Zichang, Yanchuan, Yanchang, Ganquan (above belong to Yan'an City). This paper selects Chengguan dialect of these 19 districts and counties as the object of investigation, through synchronic description, internal and external comparison, excavation of characteristic words, bottom words and word formation. This paper reveals the characteristics and internal and external differences of Shanxi Jin language vocabulary, and then provides lexical support for the internal division of Shaanxi Northern Jin dialect. The full text is divided into six chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the geographical environment and historical evolution of the Shanxi language region. The characteristics of dialects and their research status, values and methods. Geographical emphasis is placed on the distribution of rivers, in mountain areas blocked by gullies, The river plays an important role in the development and evolution of dialects. The second chapter is the comparison of the internal and external vocabulary of Shaanxi Northern Jin dialect. Through comparison, we find that Shaanxi Northern Jin dialect is a part of Jin dialect, and the internal consistency of Shaanxi Northern Jin dialect is very high, but there are still some differences. From north to south, it can be divided into two regions: Qingjian, to the north of Zichang, the northern part of the Jin language, the most northernmost Shenfu area has a close relationship with the Jin dialect of Inner Mongolia, and Qingjian, to the south of Zichang, is the southern part of the Shanxi language of northern Shaanxi, which is deeply influenced by the Central Plains Mandarin. From east to west, the vocabulary of Jin language in Northern Shaanxi can be divided into three regions: the eastern area near the river is greatly influenced by Shanxi Jin language, and the consistency of the two sides of the Yellow River is strong; The west far river area is more influenced by the central plain Mandarin, the central part is the hinterland of Shanxi language, and the influence of other dialects is relatively small. Finally, in the internal "vertical link, horizontal barrier" and external "horizontal link", In the case of vertical blocking, the core area of Shaanxi Jin language is formed. Outside the core area, the vocabulary of Shanxi Jin language appears to be more and more obvious from west to east, from south to north, from the south to the north, and the features of Jin dialect are becoming more and more obvious. This is the key part of this paper. The following chapters three, four, five, and six further confirm the characteristics and internal and external differences of Shanxi dialect vocabulary from different angles respectively. Among them, high-frequency words and stylistic words are from the synchronic plane. The characteristics and internal differences of Jin dialect in Northern Shaanxi are demonstrated by individual examples. The ancient words reveal the underlying components and composition of Shanxi dialect from a diachronic point of view, and we find that there are differences in the synchronic plane within Shaanxi Northern Jin dialect. But the consistency of the underlying words is greater than the difference. Word-formation is the most able to distinguish different dialects belong to, through the comparison of word-formation inside and outside, we know that Shanxi Jin language is a part of Jin dialect. It is a dialect different from the Central Plains Mandarin. The main points of this paper are as follows: first, the Shanbei Jin dialect is a unique and ancient dialect; second, the research results of the Shanxi dialect vocabulary can help us deal with the attribution of dialects more objectively. Finally, based on the research results of this paper, we divide the Jin language in Northern Shaanxi into the following four small pieces: Fugu, Shenmu, Mizhi, Suide, Zizhou, and Zichang. 2 large packages: Jingbian, Yulin, Hengshan 3 Lv Liang film: Jiaxian, Wubao, Qingjian, Yanchuan, Shenmu Nan Xiang (Wanzhen, he Jiachuan, Suide River area, Zaolinping 4 Zhiyan: Yanchang, Wu Qi, Zhidan, Ansai, Yan'an, Gan Quan.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H172.2
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本文编号：1541330