变易与恪守：南木特藏戏传承研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 11:14

本文选题：南木特藏戏　切入点：传承　出处：《福建师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以流行在藏语安多方言区的藏戏剧种——南木特藏戏为主要研究对象,置其于安多地区特殊的历史文化脉络中,研究其传承的自身机制。南木特藏戏在西藏传统藏戏“阿吉拉姆”的影响下萌芽,在安多藏区独特的区域文化语境中孕育,最终形成了青海隆务寺以服务于僧人在“夏日闭修”后自娱为目的、甘肃拉卜楞寺以“佑护雪域安康”为目的南木特藏戏。以僧侣为演员的班社构建、剧目宗教教义的宣扬及展演功能的宗教性构成了南木特藏戏的宗教性；旋律音调(唱腔、舞蹈、器乐)方面大量吸收民间旋律音调,体现出南木特藏戏旋律音调的民间性;以与民众生活息息相关的爱情、亲情、日常生活为叙述主题,突出南木特藏戏叙事体系的民间性；受安多藏区区域文化的影响,南木特藏戏在艺术表现形式中吸收、借鉴、融合了京剧艺术的表现手段,并在不断的艺术实践中形成了独具一格的表演风格。南木特藏戏传承中的“变易”,是南木特藏戏的得以传承的作用方式。通过馈赠、请愿、共享这三种传播方式的变易,形成了寺院至寺院、寺院至民间、民间至民间的传播路径,有利于南木特藏戏的广泛传播；功能意义的多元取向有利于满足不同群体的心理需求;以南木特藏戏作为修行仪轨完成自我修行、“以戏代仪”以慰藉心灵、作为“戏乐”的休闲娱乐、专业演出团体及学校教育传承的加入,在继承民族优秀文化的同时建立了文化自信；僧侣班社、村民自主结社、专业演出团体、校园剧团的四维传承载体及各具特色的传习方式有益于南木特藏戏多层面的存续。通过旋律音调在地化及乐队编制的特色化两方面的变易,使得南木特藏戏完成因地制宜的自我调适。南木特藏戏传承中的“恪守”是南木特藏戏得以传承的内在结构。南木特藏戏在传承过程中,恪守“音声”的神圣性、器物的神圣性及功能的神圣性,以满足民众慰藉心灵的需求；恪守歌舞性以符合视听习惯的审美需求；剧目恪守的核心主题使南木特藏戏既符合时代的需求又与藏族价值观相吻合,价值取向和审美取向得到双向满足。在南木特藏戏传承中,变易与恪守互为前提,变易中有恪守,恪守中有变易,二者辩证统一,共同促进南木特藏戏的传承。通过以上的论证,认为变易与恪守是南木特藏戏传承的主要机制。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the popular Tibetan opera in the Ando dialect area-Nanmute Tibetan Opera as the main research object, put it in the special historical and cultural context of the Ando region, to study its own mechanism of inheritance.Under the influence of Tibetan traditional Tibetan opera "Ajelam", Nanmute Tibetan Opera sprouted in the unique regional cultural context of Ando Tibetan area, and finally formed the Longwu Temple in Qinghai Province for the purpose of serving monks after "summer closed study".Labran Temple in Gansu to protect the well-being of the snow for the purpose of Nanmute Tibetan Opera.The religious nature of the religious teachings of the repertoire and the function of the exhibition formed the religious character of the Nemute Tibetan Opera, and the melody tone (singing, dancing, instrumental music) absorbed a large number of folk melody tones.Embodying the folk nature of the melodic tone of Nanmute Tibetan Opera, taking the love, kinship and daily life closely related to the life of the people as the narrative theme, highlighting the folklore of the narrative system of Nanmute Tibetan Opera, and being influenced by the regional culture of Ando Tibetan area,Nanmute Tibetan Opera absorbs, uses for reference, combines the artistic expression means of Peking Opera, and forms a unique performance style in the continuous art practice.The change in the inheritance of Nanmute Tibetan Opera is the function of the inheritance of Nanmute Tibetan Opera.Through gifts, petitions and sharing of these three communication methods of change, the formation of monastery to temple, temple to folk, folk to folk communication path, conducive to the widespread dissemination of Nanmu Tibetan Opera;The pluralistic orientation of functional meaning is beneficial to meet the psychological needs of different groups.The addition of professional performing groups and school education inherits the cultural self-confidence while inheriting the excellent culture of the nation; the monks' club, the villagers' independent association, and the professional performance group,The four-dimensional carrier of campus troupe and its special ways of teaching are beneficial to the existence of Namut Tibetan Opera.Through the changes of melodic tone in the local and the band, the Nanmute Tibetan Opera can adjust itself according to the local conditions.Adherence to the tradition of Nanmute Tibetan Opera is the internal structure of its inheritance.In the course of inheritance, Nanmute Tibetan Opera adheres to the sacredness of "sound", the sanctity of objects and the sacredness of its functions to satisfy the needs of the people to comfort the soul, to abide by the singing and dancing to meet the aesthetic needs of audiovisual habits;The core theme of the repertoire conforms to the needs of the times and the Tibetan values, and the value orientation and aesthetic orientation are both satisfied.In the inheritance of Nanmute Tibetan Opera, change and adherence to each other are the premise, in the change there is adherence to the strict, there is change in strict adherence, the two dialectical unity, to jointly promote the inheritance of Nanmute Tibetan Opera.Through the above argument, it is believed that change and adherence is the main mechanism of inheritance of Nanmute Tibetan Opera.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：J825;J617.5

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