古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献的语文学研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 21:41

本文选题：古代维吾尔语 + 历法和占卜文献　；参考：《中央民族大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献在古代维吾尔文献研究中占有重要地位。至今已发现90件古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献残片,其中59件残片原件收藏于德国柏林勃兰登堡科学院吐鲁番研究所,1件残片收藏于德国柏林亚洲艺术博物馆(原柏林印度艺术博物馆),3件残片收藏于美国普林斯顿大学东亚图书馆,1件残片原件收藏于俄罗斯东方文献研究所圣彼得堡分所,2件残片收藏于北京图书馆,2件残片收藏于敦煌研究院,22件残片下落不明。古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献涉及内容包括占卜、历法、天文学、星相学、星占术、护身符等诸多方面。这些文献残片中行数最多的有50多行,最少的只有2-3行。从文献装帧来看,有册子式和经折式两种。大多数历法和占卜文献的字体为半草书或草书体,也有部分涉及佛教内容的魔法、历法和占卜雕版印书残片。一般来讲,这些文献是在佛教、道教、摩尼教等多种宗教的影响下形成的,是科学与迷信的混合。1929年由德国学者威利·邦格(Willi Bang)和安娜玛丽·冯·佳班(Annemarie von Gabain)出版的《吐鲁番突厥语文献》第一卷和1936年由土耳其学者热西德·拉赫麻提·阿拉特(Resid Rahmeti Arat)出版的《吐鲁番突厥语文献》第七卷可视为较全面研究古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献的最早专著。此后的80年,杰拉尔德·克劳森(SirGerard Clauson)、詹姆士·哈密尔顿(James Hamilton)、朱迪丝·奥格登·布里特(Judith Ogden Bullitt)、莉莉娅·吐固舍娃(Lilija Tugusheva)、路易·巴赞(Louis Bazin)、松井太(Matsui Dai)、彼得·茨默(Peter Zieme)、吉田丰(Yoshida Yutaka)等学者从不同角度对各类古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献进行研究。从邦格、冯·佳班和阿拉特等学者的研究算起,古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献研究整整经历了八十年多历史。在此期间,西域—中亚语文学研究在广度和深度都取得了很大进展。就突厥语文学而言,到目前为止,《金光明经》、《阿毗达摩俱舍论实义书》、《玄奘传》、《弥勒会见记》等大型文献先后得以刊布,各国收藏文献不断以目录、数字图版、专著、论文等形式得以刊布。德国、俄国、法国、日本、土耳其、中国等国家的学者,以这些成果为基础,还出版、发表大量论著,讨论其中的语言、历史、宗教、哲学、文化问题,其中包括辞书、语法书和大量文献研究专著。更重要的是,在这八十年多在文献的转写方法、翻译方法、解释方法等方面也有了较大的进展。基于这些积累,对已经被研究的和未被研究的古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献进行全面整理和研究提到议事日程,以西域-中亚语文学研究的最新研究成果和研究方法为基础,对这些历法和占卜文献与它们的汉文原典进行仔细比较以及对古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献进行全面而系统的语文学研究成为了西域-中亚语文学研究中的当务之急。因此,本人以“古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献”为本文的研究对象,对古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献从文献学和文献语言学的角度进行了分类和研究,同时对它们进行了转写、换写、汉文翻译和注释为一体的语文学研究,并以此基础,对古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献语言的形态—句法特点和文献中所见历法和占卜术语的语义、结构特点和语源进行了探讨。全文由导论、文献研究篇、语言研究篇、结论和附录四部分组成。导论部分简要论述了本题的选题依据和研究意义,对国内外有关古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献研究的现状进行了评述,进而对本题研究的方法、范围等作了简要介绍,对本文研究所使用的符号和缩略语做了说明。文献篇由以下两章组成：第一章古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献及其分类本章首先对古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献的发现、收藏现状和书写特点等进行简述,然后在此基础上对选为本题研究对象的古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献从书写形式、内容、原典等三个方面进行了分类。第二章古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献的语文学研究本章根据文献的原典和内容特点将本题研究范围内的90篇历法和占卜文献分成11组,对它们进行转写、换写、汉文翻译和词句注释,其中注释部分主要集中于词义注释、词源注释和形态—句法注释等方面。此后,文献篇还提供了古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献的分析性音序词汇索引。语言研究篇包括以下两章：第三章古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献语言的结构特点本章首先对古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献语言的语音系统进行较为全面的语音学和音位学描写。然后从形态—句法学的角度对古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献语言的词类及其形态变化、短语及其分类、句子及其类型等进行了探讨和描写,同时论述了古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献语言中单句成分的语序、主语句、非主语句以及多重复句等语法问题。第四章古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献中所见历法和占卜术语分析本章将重点集中于古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献中所见历法和占卜术语,对它们进行语义、结构、语源分类,并着重探析历法和占卜术语的语义、结构特点和语言来源。同时,初步对古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献中所见外来术语的借用途径和借用方式进行探讨。结论部分以各章的分析和研究为基础,对古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献语言的语音、形态—句法特点以及文献中所见历法和占卜术语的语义、结构、语源特点作简要概述,同时对本题研究的创新点做了简要交代。作为附录本文提供了部分古代维吾尔语历法和占卜文献残片的印影。附录实际上是文献研究篇其不可缺少的重要组成部分。
[Abstract]:The ancient Uygur calendar and divination documents play an important role in the study of ancient Uygur literature. Up to now, 90 ancient Uygur language and divination documents have been found, of which 59 pieces of original pieces are collected from the Turpan Institute of Land Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany, and 1 pieces are collected from the Berlin Asian Art Museum in Berlin, Germany. Berlin India Art Museum, Berlin), 3 pieces of pieces are collected in the East Asian Library of Princeton University, 1 pieces of original pieces are collected in the St Petersburg branch of the Russian Oriental Literature Institute, 2 pieces are collected in the Beijing library, 2 pieces are collected in the Dunhuang Research Institute and 22 pieces are unidentified. And the contents include divination, calendar, astronomy, astrology, astrology, astrology, and amulet. There are more than 50 lines with the largest number of rows in these documents, and at least 2-3 lines. From the document binding, there are two types of booklets and folds. Most of the calendars and divination documents are semi cursive or grass books, and some of them involve Buddhism. In general, these documents are formed under the influence of many religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and Mani, which are published by the German scholar Willy Bunge (Willi Bang) and Anna Mary von Jia class (Annemarie von Gabain) in the mixed.1929 year of science and superstition. The first and 1936 seventh volumes of the Turpan Turkic language, published by the Turkey scholar Geside Rakhmati Arat (Resid Rahmeti Arat), can be regarded as the earliest monograph of the ancient Uygur calendar and divination literature. For the next 80 years, Gerald Klau (Clauson), James Hamilton (Jam) Es Hamilton), Judith Ogden Britt (Judith Ogden Bullitt), Lilia Turgooseva (Lilija Tugusheva), Louis Bazin (Louis Bazin), pine well too (Matsui Dai), Peter Tsma (Peter), Yoshida Toyo, and other scholars from different angles on various ancient Uygur calendar and divination literature. From the studies of scholars such as Bong, von JA and Yad, the history of the ancient Uygur language and the study of the divination literature has been more than eighty years. During this period, great progress has been made in the breadth and depth of the study of Western and Central Asian languages. For the Turkic language, so far, < Jin Guangming >, < adjoins Damour's furniture. On the book of real meaning, "Xuan Zang Zang", "Maitreya meeting" and other large documents have been published. The collection of documents in various countries has been published in the form of catalogues, figures, monographs and papers. Scholars in Germany, Russia, France, Japan, Turkey, China and other countries, based on these achievements, published, published a large number of treatises, and discussed languages, Historical, religious, philosophical, and cultural issues, including dictionaries, grammar books and a large number of literature research monographs. More importantly, more progress has been made in these eighty years in the literature's transliteration, translation methods, and interpretation methods. Based on these accumulation, the ancient Uygur language, which has been studied and has not been studied, has been studied and divination. On the basis of the latest research results and research methods in the study of western region and Central Asian literature, the literature carried out a comprehensive arrangement and Research on the agenda, and carefully compared these calendars and divination documents to their Chinese original code, and made a comprehensive and systematic study of the ancient Uygur language and the divination literature. In the study of western region and Central Asian literature, I take "the ancient Uygur calendar and the divination literature" as the research object, and classify and study the ancient Uygur calendar and the divination literature from the perspective of philology and philology. At the same time, they are transliterated, translated, translated and annotated in Chinese. On the basis of this, the morphological and syntactic features of the ancient Uygur calendar and the divination language and the semantic, structural features and etymology of the calendar and divination terms in the literature are discussed on this basis. The full text is composed of four parts: introduction, literature research, language research, conclusion and appendix. This paper expounds the basis and significance of the topic selection, reviews the current status of the study on the ancient Uygur calendar and the divination literature at home and abroad, and then briefly introduces the methods and scope of the research, and makes a clear description of the symbols and abbreviations used in this study. The literature is composed of the following two chapters: the first chapter of ancient times The ancient Uygur language and the divination literature and the classification of the Uygur language are briefly described in this chapter. On the basis of this, the history of the ancient Uygur language and the divination literature selected as the subject are divided into three aspects, such as the writing form, the content and the original code. The second chapter of the ancient Uygur language of the ancient Uygur language and the literature of the study of the literature, according to the original and content characteristics of the literature, the 90 calendar and divination documents in the scope of the subject are divided into 11 groups, and they are transliterated, translated, Chinese translation and words and sentences, of which annotation is mainly concentrated on word meaning annotation, etymology annotation and form. In the following two chapters, the third chapters include the structure characteristics of the ancient Uygur language and the language of the divination. This chapter is the first to the ancient Uygur calendar and the language of the divination language. The phonetics and phonological description of the phonetic system are carried out in a more comprehensive way. Then from the perspective of morphologic and sentence jurisprudence, the words and forms of the ancient Uygur language in ancient Uygur languages and their morphological changes, phrases and their categories, sentences and types are discussed and described, and the ancient Uygur Language and the language of divination are discussed. The fourth chapters of the ancient Uygur language and divination and the analysis of the divination terms will focus on the calendar and divination terms in the ancient Uygur language and the divination literature, and carry out their semantic, structure, and etymological classification. It also focuses on the analysis of the semantic, structural features and language sources of the terms of calendar and divination. At the same time, a preliminary discussion is made on the borrowing ways and borrowing ways of the foreign terms in the ancient Uygur language and the divination literature. The features of morphology and syntax and the semantic, structure and etymological characteristics of the calendar and divination terms in the literature are briefly summarized. At the same time, a brief account of the innovative points of the study is made. As an appendix this article provides a part of the ancient Uygur calendar and the imprint of the remnants of the divination literature. An important part of it.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H215

【参考文献】