中泰国家领导人新年演讲语篇对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 15:19

  本文选题：新年演讲 + 语篇对比　； 参考：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：“演讲”自古以来就是表达思想最重要的方式之一,主要集中应用于典礼、陈述会议等重要场合中,直到现在也在深刻地影响着人们。“庆典演讲”也是演讲的类型之一。每逢国家的重要节日或者重要的活动,国家领导人都会在公共场合致词,向听众解释活动的来源以及主要的内容。演讲是以语篇为基本语言单位的,而且庆典演讲较突出地体现了社会背景、文化习俗及思维方式,因此对中泰庆典演讲进行对比有助于更深入地了解中泰两国文化,并推动文化交流。然而,虽然很多研究都涉及到了演讲,但是少有学者关注中泰国家领导人的演讲,更多研究的是美国等发达国家领导人的演讲。不仅如此,很少有人会对庆典演讲进行研究,人们大都研究的是政治演讲、励志演讲等。而且从演讲的视角对称谓语和祝福语进行研究的领域也鲜有人涉足,运用语篇分析理论及对比语言学对中泰新年贺词进行的研究更是一片空白。因此本论文将运用语篇衔接理论以及对比语言学为理论基础,对中泰两国国家领导人在2007年至2016年元旦及传统新年(春节与宋干节)所发表的贺词进行研究,对其中出现的称谓语、祝福语以及语篇衔接手段进行对比分析,从而探查中泰两国领导人在其新年贺词中称谓语、祝福语的使用及语篇衔接手段选用和使用的异同。希望本论文可以促进语言学理论的发展,对汉泰的语言教学有所帮助。本文运用理论基础是韩礼德和哈桑的语篇衔接理论,虽然该理论是以英语语料为根据的,但这个理论应用范围较广,影响较大,而且中国、泰国与其他国家的学者对该理论也进行了丰富和深化,所以这个理论也适应对汉语语料及泰语语料的研究。因此,将韩礼德和哈桑的语篇衔接理论作为本文的理论基础是最合适不过的。本文所选用的语料是中泰国家领导人在2007年至2016年元旦及传统新年(春节与宋干节)所发表的贺词。虽然这些新年贺词都是从口头上说出来的,但仍然属于书面语,并且是以语篇为基本语言单位的书面语。本文并没有局限于语言结构之中,而是从语篇的视角出发,从社会、文化以及思维方式的角度出发,对中泰国家领导人新年贺词中出现的称谓语、祝福语以及语篇衔接手段进行对比分析。通过分析研究,可以发现,汉语与泰语新年贺词有以下几点不同:首先,汉泰新年贺词中选用的称谓语不同。在汉语贺词中,国家领导人会选用具有中国特色的称谓语,或是汉语中独有的称谓语,而且为了与国际接轨,还会使用国际性的称谓语;而在泰语贺词中,国家领导人会选择对皇室的尊称,来表示自己对皇室的尊重,国家领导人还会选择类亲属称谓语来称呼人民,从而得到更多的支持。导致这一现象的原因有四个,分别是国家制度的不同、社会背景的不同、历史文化的不同以及宗教信仰的不同。其次,汉泰新年贺词中使用的祝福语也不尽相同。在新年贺词中,中国国家领导人祝福的对象更多的是人民群众,而泰国国家领导人的祝福对象更多集中在皇室、政府官员以及公务员等人。而且汉语贺词中出现的祝福语多是以四字格的结构出现,并且在春节贺词中会出现大量富有文化含义以及生肖文化的祝福语;而泰语新年贺词中,祝福语更多的是以句子的形式出现的,而且国家领导人会祈求佛祖保佑皇室家族,希望皇室的德行能够恩泽人民群众。导致这一现象的原因主要有四个,分别是国家政体与社会背景不同、思维方式不同、文化不同以及宗教信仰不同。再次,汉泰新年贺词中使用的语篇衔接手段也并不相同。根据韩礼德和哈桑的语篇衔接理论,本文将语篇衔接手段归纳为六类,第一类是指称衔接手段,第二类是省略衔接手段,第三类是替代衔接手段,第四类是词汇衔接手段,第五类是复现衔接手段,第六类是连接衔接手段。汉泰新年贺词中,这六类衔接手段既有相同之处,也有不同之处。在汉语贺词中,出现较多的是人称指称、同义词重复以及结构复现,其中替代衔接手段并没有出现;而泰语新年贺词中,出现较多的是名词指称、省略以及词组复现。但是从整体上来看,汉语新年贺词中出现衔接手段的频率并没有泰语新年贺词中出现的那么频繁。导致这个现象的原因主要是中泰人民的价值观和思维方式不同。中国人更重视内涵美,不注重表层衔接手段,认为意义上的完整大于形式,因此汉语是意合式语言,追求意义的整体性;而泰语是逻辑性很强的语言,因此需要更多的衔接手段将意义结合在一起。语言是文化的载体,反映了社会的形成与发展,也反映了民族的思维方式。由于社会不同,承载的文化不同,民族思维方式也不同,因此汉语和泰语有其不同之处。而且泰国对于佛教的推崇,在一定程度上也决定了泰语的特殊性。这就要求我们在关注语言内部结构不同的同时,也要注意到语言结构外部的社会、文化以及思维方式,探寻语言之间不同之处的更深层原因,从而促进语言更好的交流,加强不同文明间的对话。值得注意的是,关于庆典演讲还有很多方面可以进行深入研究,比如篇章修辞、语体风格等。由于笔者的精力、时间以及研究水平有限,对此并没有进行研究。希望本文能够为后来研究者提供思路,对以后的汉泰语言对比研究发展贡献出一份力量。
[Abstract]:"Speech" has been one of the most important ways of expressing ideas since ancient times. It is mainly used in ceremonies, conferences and other important occasions. It has also been deeply affecting people. "Celebration speeches" are also one of the types of speeches. National leaders will be in the public field whenever important festivals or important activities are in the country. To explain the source and main content of the activities to the audience. The speech is based on the text as the basic language unit, and the celebration speech is more prominent in the social background, cultural customs and ways of thinking. Therefore, the comparison of the Chinese and Thai ceremonies will help to understand the culture of China and Thailand more deeply and promote cultural exchange. Although many studies have involved speeches, few scholars have paid attention to the speech of China and the Thai leaders, and more on the speech of the leaders of developed countries such as the United States. There are few people involved in the study of the blessing language, and the study of Chinese and Thai New Year greetings is more blank by the use of discourse analysis theory and contrastive linguistics. Therefore, this thesis will use the theory of discourse cohesion and contrastive linguistics as the theoretical basis for the Chinese and Thai national leaders in the new year from 2007 to 2016 and the traditional new year. The greeting words published in the Spring Festival and the Song Dynasty were studied, and the appellations, blessings and cohesive devices were compared and analyzed to explore the similarities and differences between the Chinese and Thai leaders in their new year's greeting words, the use of the blessings and the use of the cohesive devices in the text. The development of the theory is helpful to the language teaching of Han and Thai. This paper is based on the theory of discourse cohesion between Hallidy and Hassan. Although the theory is based on the English corpus, the theory has a wide application and great influence, and in China, the scholars in Thailand and other countries have also enriched and deepened the theory. This theory also adapts to the study of Chinese and Thai language materials. Therefore, it is most suitable to use the theory of cohesion between Hallidy and Hassan as the theoretical basis of this article. The corpus of this article is a message issued by Chinese and Thai leaders on New Year's day from 2007 to 2016 and the traditional new year (the Spring Festival and the song and the Chinese New Year). New year's words are spoken in words, but they are still written in written language and are written as basic language units. This article is not limited to the structure of language, but from the perspective of discourse, from the perspective of society, culture and thinking mode, the title of the Chinese and Thai national leaders in new year's words of congratulation. Through analysis and research, we can find that the Chinese and Thai New Year greetings are different from the following points: first, the appellations are different in the Chinese New Year greeting words. In Chinese greetings, the national leaders will choose the appellations with Chinese characteristics, or the unique appellations in Chinese. And in order to connect with the world, international appellations will be used, and in Thai greetings, the state leaders will choose the title of the royal family to show their respect for the royal family. The state leaders will also choose kinship appellations to call the people and get more support. There are four reasons for this phenomenon, which are countries, respectively. The family system is different, the social background is different, the historical culture is different and the religious belief is different. Secondly, the blessing words used in the Chinese New Year greeting words are not the same. In the New Year greetings, the Chinese leaders' blessing is more of the people, and the Thailand leaders' blessings are more concentrated in the royal family and the government. Officials as well as civil servants and others. Moreover, most of the blessings in Chinese greetings appear in the structure of four words, and there will be a large number of cultural meanings and greetings in the Chinese New Year's greeting words. In the Chinese New Year greetings, more of the blessing words appear in the form of sentences, and the state leaders will pray for the Buddha. The royal family is blessed with the hope that the virtue of the royal family can be made by the people of Enze. There are four main reasons for this phenomenon, which are the different political and social backgrounds, different ways of thinking, different cultures and different religious beliefs. Again, the means of cohesion used in the Chinese New Year greeting words are different. According to Hallidy and Kazakhstan. The text cohesion theory of mulberry is summed up in six categories: the first category is the means of referential cohesion, the second are ellipsis and cohesion, the third is the alternative means of cohesion, the fourth is the lexical cohesion, the fifth is the repetition method, the sixth is the connection means. In the Chinese New year greeting, these six cohesive means There are some similarities and differences. In Chinese greeting, there are many personal referendations, repetition of synonyms and structural repetition, and the substitution of cohesive devices does not appear. In Chinese New Year greetings, there are more noun designations, omissions and phrases reappearing. But in the whole, Chinese New Year greetings appear in Chinese New year greetings. The frequency of the means is not so frequent as the Chinese New Year's New Year greetings. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the Chinese and Thai people have different values and ways of thinking. The Chinese people pay more attention to the connotation beauty, not the surface cohesion, the meaning is more complete than the form, because the Chinese is the parataxis language, the pursuit of the meaning of the whole. But Thai is a very logical language, so it needs more cohesive means to combine meaning together. Language is the carrier of culture, reflects the formation and development of society, and reflects the way of thinking of the nation. Because of the different society, the different culture and the way of thinking of people are different, so the Chinese and the Thai have their differences. To some extent, Thailand's esteem for Buddhism also determines the particularity of the Thai language, which requires us to pay attention to the social, cultural, and thinking ways of the language structure, and to explore the deeper reasons for the differences between languages, so as to promote the better communication of the language. To strengthen the dialogue among different civilizations, it is worth noting that there are many aspects of the celebration speech, such as text rhetoric, stylistic style, etc. because of the limited energy, time and research level of the author, it has not been studied. It is hoped that this article can provide ideas for later researchers and the later Chinese and Thai language. Speech contrastive research contributes to a strength.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H15;H412
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本文编号：1897386