阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王神话传说比较研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 02:31

本文关键词：阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王神话传说比较研究　出处：《中央民族大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要运用比较文学和比较神话学、比较故事学的理论与方法,研究和探讨北方阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王神话传说与相关民族或地区同类神话传说之间的关系,探索诸民族帝王神话传说的发生发展的脉络,归纳和阐发其原始形态及特征。本论文由绪论、正文四章和结论组成。绪论主要论述阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王神话传说比较研究的可比性与可行性以及比较研究理论与方法、相关研究概况等。第一章为阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王感生型神话传说的比较研究。本章主要运用比较的方法,将阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王的"感光型神话传说"和"感动物型神话传说"与相关民族或国家同类神话传说之间进行比较分析,探讨阿尔泰语系诸民族此类神话传说的发生发展轨迹及其原初特征和特点。从而得之,阿尔泰语系诸民族中的蒙古族布里亚特部落、哈萨克族、满族和柯尔克孜族的神话传说的基本情节母题基本相似,可以认定属于同一种叙事主题和神话类型。第二章为阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王奇异诞生型神话传说的比较研究。本章首先运用母题类型研究方法,将阿尔泰语系民族中帝王奇异诞生神话传说以母题类型分为"肋诞生型神话传说"、"手握神物诞生型神话传说"和"卵生型神话传说",并对这些神话传说母题与相关民族或国家同类型神话传说母题间进行细致的分析和比较,并认为:阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王始祖的奇异诞生神话传说之间有共同的"卵生母题"、"肋诞生母题"和"手握神物诞生母题"的故事情节,以此来强调他们起源的神圣性。第三章为阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王奇异婚姻神话传说的比较研究。这一章里主要将搜集到的文本分类成"天鹅处女型神话传说"、"熊配偶型神话传说"、"狼配偶型神话传说"等三个类型,将用母题情节比较的方法探讨这些神话传说的异同点以及其产生的原因和流变规律。最后认为阿尔泰语系诸民族繁衍生息的蒙古高原和北方地带一直以来就是具有天鹅、熊、狼崇拜,以及与这些动物有关的图腾崇拜和神话传说流传地带。在有关这些神圣动物的诸多神话母题中"人与动物婚配"的母题与帝王有关的其他建国神话的相关母题相结合或重新组合,组成新的神话传说故事。第四章为阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王神话传说的文化解读。这里从"感光型神话母题"、"卵生型神话母题"、"人兽婚型神话母题"入手,对阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王神话传说的文化内涵进行剖析和解读。通过对这些民族帝王神话传说中的一些神话母题进行文化解读后便总结出,阿尔泰语系一些民族在古代存在过对日月的光和热崇拜的现象,以及与自身环境有密切联系的相关动植物的崇拜、动植物图腾崇拜现象,有些崇拜和信仰也延伸到当今社会的各个领域。这种崇拜和信仰的根基大多与阿尔泰语系相关民族的原始思维"万物有灵"论有渊源关系。这种与萨满教相关的动植物崇拜、动植物图腾崇拜等诸多形式的信仰和理念被提纯到相关民族的神话母题中,这一母题又被植入到神话、传说、民间故事、英雄史诗等多种体裁的作品中,以至于传承到现在。结论部分归纳总结了整个论文,提炼主要观点和看法,即:因历史上的交流互动、属于同一语言属性和相似的宗教信仰等原因,阿尔泰语系诸民族的帝王神话传说具有同类母题;阿尔泰语系诸民族帝王神话传说在共性中有个性的流变,在建立过政权的民族中流变的过程中与统治者历史政治观相结合,有被植入到国君生平当中,在未建立政权的民族中以始祖的神话传承下来;不同类型的神话母题会发生复合关系,前提条件是:既要符合帝王神话传说的叙事模式、同时也要符合相关民族和地域的历史文化和宗教信仰。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly uses the theories and methods of comparative literature and comparative mythology, comparative study of the story, to study and explore the relationship between the North Altai languages of nationalities in the imperial myth and relevant national or regional similar myths and legends, occurrence of development to explore the national imperial mythology, induction and analysis of its original form and characteristics. This paper is composed of introduction, four chapters and conclusions. The introduction mainly discusses the comparability and feasibility of the comparative study of emperors and myths in Altai language family, as well as the theory and method of comparative study, and the general situation of related research. The first chapter is a comparative study of the myths and legends of the monarchs of the Altai languages. This chapter mainly uses the comparison method, the Altai family of nationalities "emperor photosensitive myth" and "touching type myth" and the related ethnic or national similar myths and legends of comparative analysis is carried out between various ethnic languages of Altai, such myths and legends of the development path and its original features and characteristics. Thus, the basic plot motif of the Altai family among nationalities in the Mongolian Buryat tribes, Kazak, Kirgiz and Manchu mythology is similar, can be identified belong to the same type of myth and narrative theme. The second chapter is the comparative study of the myths and legends of the monarchs of the Altai languages. In this chapter, using the research methods of motif types, the emperor was born in Altai speaking peoples singular myths and legends of the motif types are divided into "rib type birth myths and legends, myths and legends with fetish birth type" and "oviparious type myth", and the myth motif are analyzed and compared, and detailed the same type of ethnic or national myth motif between nationalities and that: Altai family ancestor emperor singular common myths and legends between the birth of "oviparious motif", "rib birth motif" and "hand Fetish birth motif" story, sacred to emphasize their origin. The third chapter is a comparative study of the myths and legends of the monarchs of the Altai languages. This chapter mainly collects the text classification as "the Swan Maiden type myth", "spouse bear type myths and legends", "wolf spouse type myth" has three types, methods for motif plot comparison to study these myths and legends of the similarities and differences of the reasons and rheological law. At last, it is believed that the Mongolia plateau and the northern belt of Altai's ethnic groups have been swans, bears and wolf worship, and totem worship and myths and legends that are related to these animals. The related motif in many myths about these sacred animal "marriage between man and animal" motif and the emperor is related to other founding myth combination or re combination, form new myths and legends. The fourth chapter is the cultural interpretation of the myths and legends of the kings of the Altai languages. From here "photosensitive myth motif", "oviparous myth motif", "human animal marriage myth motif" of the Altai family of nationalities in Imperial myths and legends of the cultural connotation of the analysis and interpretation. The cultural interpretation of some myth motif these ethnic myths and legends of the emperors after summed up, some people in the ancient Altai family lived on the moon and the light and heat of worship phenomenon, and their environment are closely related, the worship of animals and plants and animal species of totem worship, worship and some beliefs extended to various fields of modern society. The foundation of this worship and belief is mostly related to the original thinking of the Altai language family, the original thinking of all things with spirit. This and related to Shamanism worship of animals and plants, animals and plants totem worship and other forms of beliefs and ideas were purified to the related ethnic myth motif in this motif was implanted into the myths, legends, folk tales, epic works of various genres, so that the inheritance up to now. The conclusion part summarizes the whole thesis, refines the main viewpoints, namely: because of the history of the interaction, belong to the same language attribute and similar religious beliefs, legends of imperial myth Altai languages of various nationalities have similar motif; Altai nationality emperor original of the rheological character in common myths and legends in. In the process of establishing the national regime in the evolution and history of political rulers combining view, have been implanted into the monarch's life, not in the nation to establish a regime of mythology inheriting ancestor myth motif down; different types of composite relationship, the prerequisite is: not only conform to the emperors of the myths and legends of the narrative mode at the same time, also must comply with the relevant national and regional history and culture and religion.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.7

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