英语独立型形式标记的隐性纯理功能研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 12:20

  本文关键词：英语独立型形式标记的隐性纯理功能研究　出处：《西南大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 系统功能语言学 独立型形式标记 隐性纯理功能 经验构建预制潜势 等级知识构建潜势

【摘要】：独立型形式标记,指的是基于系统功能语言学(SFL)框架厘定的归属“词”这一级阶,且能独立进行功能切分的语言成分,在英语中主要体现为代用it和存在there这两个成分。一直以来,独立型形式标记受传统语法所谓语法填充作用这一观点掣肘,常被视为语言研究中的“二等语言公民”,其研究价值被大大低估的同时,学界对其本质的认识也渐行渐远。然而,独立型形式标记却是语言学研究无法绕开的话题,对其在语言系统中的句法合理性问题的解释,语言学理论无不关涉,从某种程度上讲独立型形式标记俨然成为检验各大语言学理论解释力的试金石之一。目前,独立型形式标记在语言系统体现的句法合理性考察主要表现为句法视角、认知视角及功能视角三方面,但均有值得商榷之处：句法视角要么专门为独立型形式标记设置扩充投射原则,要么将之与其他语言成分等同处理但又假设诸如“半论元”或“格分裂”等特殊句法处理方案,其解决方案并未观照独立型形式标记属于语言历时演化结果这一事实；认知视角将独立型形式标记视为“情景设置”或“心理空间”,但在认知语法框架下语言是认知作用下现实映射之结果,由于独立型形式标记缺乏现实映射,因而无法通过解释其在语言系统体现的原因以阐明其句法合理性；功能视角虽对独立型形式标记在语言系统得以选择的动因分别基于人际功能与语篇功能给予解释,但仍存在纯理功能解释失洽、功能标准判定不一以及功能构型关系模糊等问题。SFL以使用中的语言为研究对象,主张语言是其所是取决于人们参与社会活动时用于表达不同的语义以及实现不同的功能之需要的纯理功能思想,同时秉承语言作为现实构建材料的构建主义语言哲学观,因而可观照独立型形式标记的语义演化特性且将其视为现实构建的动力库而不用考虑其现实映射基础,从而对明晰独立型形式标记在语言系统得以体现的句法合理性提供了有力的理论依据。与此同时,受SFL领军人物韩礼德先生力荐的沃尔夫隐性范畴思想强调范畴关系对语言研究的重要性,使得独立型形式标记在语言系统得以体现的功能动因探讨,可在观照与其相对应的非形式标记的范畴关系的情况下展开,从而有助于揭示制约独立型形式标记在语言系统得以体现之纯理功能的独特性。鉴于此,作者以SFL的纯理功能思想和沃尔夫的隐性范畴思想作为探讨独立型形式标记何以在语言系统得以体现这一问题的切入点,并重点探讨三个问题：独立型形式标记具有哪些纯理功能?独立型形式标记的隐性纯理功能的具体体现?独立型形式标记的隐性纯理功能体现背后的动因如何解释?为合理解答上述研究问题,作者在指出现有研究在探讨独立型形式标记纯理功能解释不足的基础上,尝试性提出独立型形式标记的隐性纯理功能研究的实现路径,并依此厘定其功能类别和功能角色。同时,借助德语、荷兰语、冰岛语、丹麦语以及法语等跨语言类型学比较证据和基于儿童语言语料库CHILDES的语义个体发生学证据,为探讨独立型形式标记的功能角色提供语义理据的佐证。另外,基于美国历时语料库COHA和美国当代语料库COCA等语料库语料,从语言系统内、外两个维度对独立型形式标记的隐性纯理功能背后的动因作进一步探讨。本研究的主要发现如下：第一、独立型形式标记同时具有三大纯理功能,且在词汇语法层与语篇语义层均有体现。现有研究遵循基于语义内容推定小句成分功能角色的功能解释之语义路径,往往在缺乏观照经验意义和语义内容之间的潜势和潜势实现关系的情况下,将语义内容等同于功能角色进而将经验功能赋予有语义内容的小句成分。受传统语法研究影响,语义路径主张独立型形式标记缺乏语义内容进而缺乏经验功能的做法,自然无法揭示独立型形式标记的经验构建作用。与语义路径不同,功能路径主要基于结构重合标准与级阶成分标准判定小句成分的纯理功能类别,主张能独立切分且无法作缺省处理的独立型形式标记必然兼具三大纯理功能。由于词汇语法层体现语篇语义层,独立型形式标记的三大纯理功能在语篇语义层也应体现。同时,独立型形式标记的经验功能具有语言类型学比较证据和基于儿童语料库的语义个体发生学证据。第二、相对于非形式标记,独立型形式标记具有基于纯理功能厘定的隐性范畴所特有的反逆特征,其功能分析可纳入隐性纯理功能分析框架并分析为隐性纯理功能。就独立型形式标记的反逆特征而言,其在词汇语法层的经验、人际与语篇功能方面分别体现为“经验内容提问”、“韵律/主位识别”、“主位谓化”；在语篇语义层的经验、人际与语篇功能方面分别体现为“潜在施事”、“插入话轮”以及“识别关系”。基于隐性纯理功能分析框架,独立型形式标记it在词汇语法层的经验、人际与语篇功能可分别分析为“隐性动作者/隐性载体”、“隐性主语”、“隐性主位”；在语篇语义层的经验、人际与语篇功能可分别分析为“隐性制约过程功能”、“隐性协商功能”以及“隐性识别功能”。独立型形式标记there在词汇语法层的经验、人际与语篇功能可分别分析为“隐性载体”、“隐性主语”、“隐性主位”；在语篇语义层的经验、人际与语篇功能可分别分析为“隐性制约过程功能”、“隐性协商功能”以及“隐性识别功能”。第三、独立型形式标记隐性纯理功能的动因主要在于其具有的语言系统内的经验构建预制潜势和语言系统外的等级知识构建潜势两个方面。就内部动因而言,独立型形式标记在历时分布频数上所呈现出的逐年增长趋势,表明独立型形式标记因其具有相对于其他构建方式所没有的经验构建预制潜势,从而在经验构建过程中具有优先选择并用于经验构建的潜势。正是这种经验构建预制潜势,使得体现多元表征经验现象的多种成分配置方式逐渐向独立型形式标记句式进行规约,进而导致原本指称对象不明显的独立型形式标记进一步脱离其指称对象,并表现出隐性范畴特有的反逆特征且最终导致其隐性纯理功能的产生。就外部动因而言,独立型形式标记句式在学术语类中具有其他语类所不具有的高分布频数,说明有助于提升话语垂直度的独立型形式标记句式易被属于等级知识结构的学术语类用于表达意义潜势。但独立型形式标记本身却无法如气象内容和存在物那样参与等级知识构建过程,尽管独立型形式标记之间可基于气象性或存在性进行构建。也正是如此,独立型形式标记在语言使用中的意义即功能因此弱化,进而表现出其对应的非独立型形式标记所不具有的隐性范畴特有的反逆特征且最终导致其隐性纯理功能的产生。本研究一方面对独立型形式标记的经验构建作用给予功能解释,并基于此对其人际功能与语篇功能做出说明,形成对现有研究的有益补充,进而增强SFL在这一领域的理论解释力。另一方面,由于印欧语系中属于日尔曼语族的德语、荷兰语、冰岛语、丹麦语以及同属印欧语系但属于拉丁语族的法语均存在与英语类似的独立型形式标记现象,本研究可为跨语言类型的独立型形式标记现象提供可资参照的语言类型学功能分析途径。
[Abstract]:Independent type refers to the formal markers of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) based on the framework of determining ownership "word" this rank, and can independently of the language component function segmentation, in English is mainly reflected in the presence of it and there substitution of these two components. Since the independent form of marking this the traditional view of grammar grammar filling constraints, often considered in the study of language "two language citizens", its research value has been greatly underestimated. At the same time, the academic understanding of its essence is lopsided. However, the research can not bypass the independent form of linguistic markers is the topic, the language system the rationality of the syntactic interpretation of linguistic theories are concerned, to a certain extent independent form markers has become one of the major touchstone of linguistic theory explanation. At present, the independent type of markers in language Other syntactic rationality system embodies mainly syntactic perspective, cognitive perspective and function from the perspective of the three aspects, but are debatable: syntactic perspective or set extended projection principle as an independent form marker, or will be compared with other components of the same physical language but assumptions such as "semi argument" or "split personality" the special syntactic processing scheme, the solution is not on the independent form mark belongs to the diachronic evolution results of this fact; cognitive perspective will form independent markers as "Settings" or "mental space", but in the framework of cognitive grammar language is the result of the cognitive role of reality mapping as the independent form, the reality of the lack of marker mapping, and therefore can not explain the reason through the language system embodied to clarify its syntactic function from the perspective of rationality; although the independent standard form Remember to select the motivation in the language system of interpersonal function and the textual function explanation based on, but there are still metafunctionaltheory explanation consistent,.SFL problem is not a standard to determine the function and function of configuration to use fuzzy language as the research object, it is argued that language is depends on the people to participate in social activities for the metafunctionaltheory thought express different semantics and needs different functions, at the same time as the reality of constructing Marxism adhering to language philosophy of language materials, semantic and formal markers as considerable independent evolution characteristics and is regarded as the real power library constructed without considering the reality of mapping, so on clear the independent form markers in language system can reflect the rationality of syntax provides a strong theoretical basis. At the same time, by the SFL leader Mr. Hallidy recommended Wolf emphasizes the importance of covert categories category of language research, the independent form markers were able to investigate functional motivations embodied in the language system, category relations can be in the form of non marking on the corresponding of the circumstances, which helps to reveal the unique restriction metafunctions reflect independent form the system can be labeled in the language. In view of this, the author takes the idea of SFL covert category metafunctionaltheory thought and Wolf as a starting point to explore the independent form markers to reflect why this problem in the language system, and focuses on three issues: independent form which has labeled metafunctionaltheory? Embodiment of implicit independence form labeled metafunctions? Form marker independent recessive metafunctions reflect the reasons behind how to explain? Reasonable answers to these research questions, as In the basic research on independent form markers metafunctionaltheory explain the insufficiency, the realization path of independent form to recessive marker metafunctionaltheory research, and then determine its functional categories and functional roles. At the same time, with the help of German, Dutch, Iceland, comparative evidence and semantic individual children the occurrence of CHILDES language corpus evidence based on the Danish and French cross linguistic typology, to explore the functional role of independent form markers provide semantic motivations of evidence. In addition, the United States and the United States COHA diachronic corpus corpus COCA corpus from the language system, based on the motivation of the two dimensions of the independent form of marking hidden behind the metafunctions are further discussed. The main findings are as follows: first, the independent form tag also has three metafunctions, and in The lexical and grammatical level and textual semantic layer are embodied in the existing research. Follow the path of semantic functional interpretation of semantic content of presumption of clausal elements based on the function of the role, often potential and potential between the lack of experience on meaning and semantic content of the realization of the relationship between the case, the semantic content with functional roles and functions to experience have the semantic content of the clausal elements. The influence of the traditional grammar research, semantic path independent form semantic content and lack of experience lack of marking function approach, nature cannot reveal the independent form of the mark experience building effect. Unlike semantic path, path function is mainly based on the metafunctions of coincidence standard and rank category structure components standard small sentence, that can and cannot be as independent independent segmentation processing default form markers must possess the three metafunctions. Because the word Sink grammar layer reflects the discourse semantic level, three metafunctions independent form markers should also be reflected in the discourse semantic level. At the same time, the experience of independent form of the mark has the function of language typology comparative evidence and semantic corpus evidence for individual child occurrence. Based on the second phase, for non formal markers, independent type the form of inverse marker has unique characteristics of covert category metafunctions determined based on the analysis of its function can be incorporated into the implicit metafunction analysis framework and analysis of recessive metafunctions. Independent form marked inverse features, the lexical and grammatical level experience, interpersonal and textual functions are embodied "experience questions", "rhythm / theme recognition", "subject predicate"; at the discourse semantic level experience, which reflects the interpersonal and textual functions as a "potential agent", "turn into" "Recognition and relationship". Based on the analysis framework of implicit metafunction, independent form marker it in lexical and grammatical level experience, interpersonal and discourse function can be respectively analysis as "hidden action / carrier", "covert subject", "hidden theme"; at the discourse semantic level experience, interpersonal with the textual function can be respectively analysis for "hidden control function", "recessive negotiation" and "tacit recognition". The independent label there form at the lexical grammatical level experience, interpersonal and discourse function can be respectively analysis as "carrier", "covert subject", "hidden theme"; at the discourse semantic level experience, interpersonal and discourse function can be respectively analysis for "hidden control function", "recessive negotiation" and "tacit recognition". Third, motivation independent form markers metafunction is mainly implicit It is the language system within the experience of the construction of prefabricated potential and the level of knowledge of language system construction potential two aspects. Internal motivation, increasing trend of independent form markers shown in duration distribution frequency of that independent form markers have not compared with other construction methods experience of the construction of prefabricated potential, which is the preference for the potential and experience of the construction of experience in the construction process. It is the experience of the construction of prefabricated potential, makes multiple components configuration reflect multiple representations of the experience phenomenon gradually to form independent markedness statute, which led to the original reference independent form marker object obviously further away from its referents, and show the unique characteristics of covert category inverse and ultimately lead to the recessive metafunction. External cause Words, independent form of markedness with high frequency distribution of other categories do not have in the academic genre, stating the independent form markedness helps to enhance the discourse verticality easily belong to academic genre level knowledge structure for the expression of meaning potential. But the independent form itself is not marked as weather the content and the existence of such participation level knowledge construction process, though independent form marks or meteorological existence based on. It is also the case, meaning independent form markers in language use is thus weakened, thus showing the corresponding non independent formal markers do not have implicit category the unique inverse characteristics and ultimately lead to the recessive metafunction. On the one hand, the independent form of the mark construction experience given functional explanation, and based on this on him Interpersonal function and textual function explanation, form a useful supplement to the existing research, and enhance the SFL theory in the field of interpretation. On the other hand, due to the Indo European family belongs to the Germanic language of German, Dutch, Danish and Iceland, belong to the same Indo European but belong to the Latin language are French independent form Markedness and English similar, this study can provide a reference type of linguistic function analysis approach for independent form markedness cross language types.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H315
，

本文编号：1428343