《汉英韵府》官话音系研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 08:05

本文关键词： 《汉英韵府》南官话北京话烟台话声韵调　出处：《福建师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《汉英韵府》在同治甲戌年(1874)由上海美华书院出版后,受到极大的欢迎。做为一本帮助外国人学习汉语的实用性的字典,书中记录了官话、北京、上海、广州、厦门、福州、汕头、芝罘(烟台)等语音,可以说是19世纪中叶中国方言的原始材料,为现代汉语的历史比较语言学提供了广泛的基本数据。其中所记录的官话、北京话以及烟台话都属于现代官话方言的系统。而关于明清官话历来存在诸多争议,《汉英韵府》的记录正好可以为这些争议提供最真实的证据。因此本课题选择《汉英韵府》中的官话音系作为研究对象,包括南官话音系、北京话音系以及烟台话音系。运用列表法、统计法、归纳法、内部拟测法,整理出其所记录的音系系统；同时参考其古音来源,根据卫三畏的拼音系统,对其音系进行拟测。《汉英韵府》的南官话音系包含20个声母,55个韵母,其中还保留了12个入声韵母,还有5个声调。其北京话音系包含23个声母,55个韵母,其中还保留了13个入声韵母,还有4个声调。其烟台话音系包含18个声母,五56个韵母,其中还保留了11个入声韵母。通过比较法、排除法,在横向上与同时期的本土韵书、传教士字典进行对比,用以明确其音系性质；纵向上与现代的各地方音对比,来了解百年来这些语音的演变。对《汉英韵府》南官话音系主要是横向上的比较。本土韵书方面是与代表传统官话音的《正音通俗表》音系进行比较,然后是与反映真正的南京官话的德国人赫美龄的《南京官话》比较。《汉英韵府》南官话音系仍然属于传统官话音系统,不是实际的口语音,更不是南京音。对《汉英韵府》北京话音系横向上的比较是：与代表北京音的英国汉学家威妥玛的《语言自迩集》音系比较。从性质上来说,可以肯定卫三畏记录的确实是北京音。但从其音系所保留的一些古音的特征来说,卫三畏记录的北京音相对比较守旧一点。可能更接近书面的北京音,而不是实际的口语音。纵向上的比较：是与反映现代北京音的《现代北京话研究》音系比较。对《汉英韵府》烟台话音系主要进行纵向上的比较：与反映现代烟台话的《烟台方言报告》音系比较。声母主要是发生了分化,韵母则更多是发生归并；入声韵母完全消失。从特点来看,卫三畏《汉英韵府》烟台话音系与学者们总结的胶辽官话登连片的特征基本都接近。可以肯定卫三畏记录的确实是山东烟台的方音。总之,卫三畏编纂的《汉英韵府》所记录的南官话、北京话、烟台话这三个音系,从性质上说,由于保留的古音较多,所以其音系偏向书面语音,而不是实际生活中的口语语音。通过对《汉英韵府》官话音系特点的归纳、判断,希望能丰富和补充现代官话方言研究的成果,能为明清官话的争论提供有用的论据。
[Abstract]:"Chinese and English rhyme House" in Tongzhi Jiaxu year of 1874) was published by Shanghai Meihua Academy, was greatly welcomed. As a practical dictionary to help foreigners learn Chinese, the book records the official dialect, Beijing. Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Shantou, Zhifu (Yantai) and other pronunciation, can be said to be the Chinese dialect in the middle of 19th century original materials. It provides a wide range of basic data for the historical comparative linguistics of modern Chinese. Among them, the recorded Mandarin, Beijing dialect and Yantai dialect all belong to the modern Mandarin dialect system. However, there have always been many controversies about the Ming and Qing dynasties Mandarin. The record of "Chinese and English rhyme House" can provide the most truthful evidence for these disputes. Therefore, this subject chooses the Mandarin phonology in "Chinese and English rhyme House" as the research object, including the South Mandarin phonology. Beijing voice department and Yantai voice department. Using list method, statistics method, induction method, internal test method, the phonological system recorded in the system is sorted out. At the same time, referring to its ancient phonetic source, according to the phonetic system of Wei Sanwei, the phonetic system is used to test the phonetic system. The Southern Mandarin phonetic system contains 20 initials and 55 vowels, among which 12 vowels are retained. There are also 5 tones. The Beijing phonetic department contains 23 initials and 55 vowels, of which 13 consonants and 4 tones are retained. The Yantai phonetic system contains 18 initials and 556 vowels. Among them, 11 vowels were retained. By comparison and exclusion, they were compared horizontally with the local rhyme books and missionary dictionaries of the same period in order to clarify their phonological properties. Vertically contrasting with modern local sounds. To understand the evolution of these sounds over the past hundred years. The phonological system of the Southern Mandarin is mainly compared horizontally. The local rhyme book is compared with the phonetic system of "orthophonic popular Table", which represents the traditional official voice. Then there is a comparison with the "Nanjing Mandarin", which reflects the real Nanjing Mandarin German Hermeiling. < Chinese and English rhymes > the South Mandarin phonetic system still belongs to the traditional official voice system, not the actual oral pronunciation. Not even Nanjing. The horizontal comparison of the Beijing phonetic system is: the comparison with the English Sinologist Wade's phonetic system. From the nature of the comparison. It is certain that Wei SanVP recorded a Beijing sound, but from the characteristics of some of the ancient sounds retained in his phonetic system, the Beijing sound recorded by Wei Sanawe is relatively conservative. It may be closer to the written Beijing sound. Vertical comparison is made with the phonological system of Modern Beijing dialect, which reflects the modern Beijing pronunciation, and the phonological system of Yantai is mainly compared with that of Yantai. Comparing with the phonological system of the report of Yantai dialect which reflects modern Yantai dialect, the initial consonants are mainly differentiated. Vowels tend to merge; The vowel disappeared completely. From the characteristic point of view. Wei San Fu < Chinese and English rhymes > Yantai voice department and scholars summarized the characteristics of the Jiaoliao dialect are basically similar. We can be sure that the recorded by Wei Sanvang is indeed the local sound of Shandong Yantai. In short. The three phonetic systems of Nanguan dialect, Beijing dialect and Yantai dialect, which are recorded by Wei Sanshou's compilation of "Chinese and English Rhyme House", are in favor of written pronunciation because of their more ancient sounds. By summarizing and judging the phonological characteristics of the Mandarin dialect, the author hopes to enrich and supplement the research results of the modern Mandarin dialect. It can provide useful arguments for the debate of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H172

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