余嘉锡学术思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 01:21

本文选题：余嘉锡　切入点：《四库提要辨证》　出处：《南开大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：余嘉锡是近代著名的历史文献学家。他治学秉承乾嘉历史考据学的传统,以目录学为根本,立足于对《四库全书总目》的考证,在此基础上,完成了《四库提要辨证》、《目录学发微》与《古书通例》等著作。余嘉锡在学术上的贡献,表现在如下几个方面。对中国传统目录学理论的总结,是余嘉锡学术上的一个重要贡献。清末及至民国,西方目录学理论被引入中国后,使民国时期的目录学流派纷呈。在此学术背景下,余嘉锡著《目录学发微》,对中国传统目录学进行系统性、理论性的总结,借以维系传统目录学在现代学术体系中的存在价值。余嘉锡不仅继承了“辨章学术、考镜源流”的目录学传统,更为可贵的是,他尤其注重郑樵“类例既分、学术自明”的分类观的价值,在今天中国目录学的发展中,仍然具有实践上的意义。关于余嘉锡目录学思想的来源,向来学者多关注余嘉锡对章学诚的继承,实则余嘉锡对章学诚批评多于褒扬,余嘉锡的目录学理论是直接源自刘向、刘歆父子的,体现出强烈的“宗刘”倾向。从清末到民国,疑古成为近代学术发展中的一个重大思潮,上古时期的古史以及古书受到普遍的怀疑。余嘉锡的《古书通例》,是在地下文献没有大量出土之前,主要依据传世文献,对中国上古时期古书体例的一次系统性总结。余嘉锡论及汉魏以前之古书真伪、古书命名、作者时代、篇目编次、卷帙分合存佚、内容增删附益等种种问题。他对先秦古书体例的总结,是针对当时盛行的疑古学派辨伪方法的不周。但通过与疑古派学者的观念进行比较,我们认为余嘉锡更多的只是对“疑古”活动进行纠偏,而并非完全站在“疑古”的对立立场上。另外,余嘉锡学术思想中,抱有较为强烈的“崇汉”的学术倾向,这对他的古书体例研究,造成了一些不良影响。余嘉锡最大的学术成就,当属《四库提要辨证》。《四库全书总目》是中国传统学术遗产的总结性著作,但由于杂成众手、编纂时间仓促等多方面原因,致使其文字出现了诸多纰漏。余嘉锡的《四库提要辨证》专为纠《总目》之谬而作,全书八十余万字,对《四库全书总目》中的四百九十篇提要,从书籍作者、书籍内容、版本、流传等方面,进行了详细的考辨。该文从四库学与史学史等视角,对《四库提要辨证》中所蕴含的学术价值,进行发掘与阐释。余嘉锡以考据学名家,他的历史文献研究体现了立足考据学的治史方法,并能够摆脱清儒尊经的局限,将传统历史考据学与现代科学主义相融合,这与近代以来的新历史考据学发展大体趋同。但余嘉锡却反对新考据学派学者贬低宋学,并提出“清儒之学不胜宋儒”的说法,推崇宋代理学,这是他与胡适等近代新历史考据学派在文化价值关怀上的重大区别。余嘉锡于汉宋学术并重,可以归纳为“讲宋学、做汉学”一语,兼重“道问学”与“尊德性”。他作学问能够发扬考据学的实证学风,而安身立命则采取宋学家的态度,体现出余嘉锡身处晚清民国时势丕变的时代,在西方文化强力冲击中国传统的情况下,对中国传统文化的一种维护。在内忧外患的政治时局下,余嘉锡藉历史文献的考证以申明中国传统的华夷之辨与国家复仇之义,以达到正人心,励士气,贬奸佞的目的。由于现实政治环境的刺激,尤其是日本侵华之后所引发的民族生存危机,促使余嘉锡在学术研究中蕴藏着强烈的当下关怀,有以学术经世致用之义。总体而言,余嘉锡与清末民初的旧学者以及五四以后的新学人皆有一定程度的区别。他的学术研究,立足于对传统历史考据学的继承,又吸收近代以来的新材料与新方法,与新旧学术皆有深刻牵连而又有所区别,在民国时期的学术界,也具备了一种典型意义。对余嘉锡学术思想的深入研究,对我们更加全面认识民国学术史,有着重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Yu Jiaxi is a famous modern literature history experts. He research adhering to historical textual criticism Qianjia tradition, the bibliography as a fundamental, based on the "sikuquanshuzongmu" research, on this basis, completed four abstract < > > < differentiation, and "the ancient bibliography in general > and other works. Yu Jiaxi in the academic. Contributions are as follows.
The China traditional bibliography summary of the theory, is an important academic contribution of Yu Jiaxi. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the Western bibliography theory was introduced into Chinese, the colorful bibliography in the Republic of China. In this genre of academic background, Yu Jiaxi < > in systematic bibliography, Chinese of traditional bibliography, summary of the theory, in order to maintain the existing value in the modern academic system of traditional bibliography. Yu Jiaxi not only inherited the traditional bibliography distinguish academic, source ", more importantly, he especially focus on Zheng Qiao" class both cases, the classification of academic self-evident "concept of value in the development of Chinese bibliography today. Still has practical significance. On Yu Jiaxi thought of bibliography, always pay more attention to inherit the Yu Jiaxi scholar Zhang Xuecheng, but more than Jiaxi of Zhang Xuecheng criticism than praise Yang, Yu Jiaxi. The theory is recorded directly from Liu, Liu Hsin and his son, reflecting the strong "Liu Zong" tendency.
From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Yi Gu has become a major trend in the modern academic development in ancient times, the ancient history of ancient and widespread suspicion. Yu Jiaxi's rule is not ancient < >, unearthed in the underground literature before, mainly based on the ancient style of the masterpieces of literature, ancient times Chinese a systematic summary of Yu Jiaxi. Before the Han and the ancient book, the ancient name, author, title of the book, and theremained content, deletions and other problems. He adjunction of ancient books of pre Qin Dynasty style summary for the prevailing discrimination methods not suspecting the ancient school week. But compared with the ancient scholars suspected the conception we think, Yu Jiaxi is more of "Yi Gu" activities carried out rectification, but not completely on suspicion of opposing positions. In addition, Yu Jiaxi's academic thought, have relatively strong "Chong Han" The academic tendency, which has caused some bad effects on the study of his ancient books.
Yu Jiaxi is the largest academic achievement, "four abstract dialectical >.< sikuquanshuzongmu" is a summary work Chinese traditional academic heritage, but due to a hybrid of the hand, compilation time and many other reasons, the text has many flaws. Yu Jiaxi's < four abstract > < head for correcting syndrome > fallacy but, the book of < four hundred and ninety eight hundred thousand words, text summary sikuquanshuzongmu >, from books, books, spread version, etc., carried out a detailed investigation. This paper from the perspective of four and history, the < contains four abstract > in the differentiation of academic value, explore and interpretation.
Yu Jiaxi on the textual research of his masters, historical literature reflects the historical method based on textual research, and be able to get rid of Confucianism in Qing Dynasty respect by the limitations of the traditional historical textual research and the integration of modern scientism, and the modern new historical textual research development in convergence. But Yu Jiaxi opposed the new school of textual research scholars to belittle song study, and put forward the "numerous Qing Confucianism of song Confucianism", praised the Neo Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, which is the great difference between him and Hu Shi and other modern new historical school of textual research in the cultural value concern. Yu Jiaxi in Han Dynasty and academic, can be summed up as "song learning, do Sinology" means, and "daowenxue" and "zundexing". His knowledge of positivism can develop textual research, and then take the attitude of scientists to settle down the song, Yu Jiaxi shows in the late Qing Dynasty changed the era, in the Western cultural impact In the case of Chinese traditional culture, it is a maintenance of Chinese traditional culture.
The political situation in the domestic trouble and foreign invasion, more than Jiaxi by historical literature research to declare Chinese traditional Sinocentrism and national revenge justice, in order to achieve positive people, encourage morale, or derogatory purposes. Due to the political reality of environmental stimuli, especially caused by the Japanese invasion of the nation after the crisis, which prompted Yu Jiaxi the strong concern in academic research, the academic meaning of statecraft.
Overall, the old scholar Yu Jiaxi and the late Qing Dynasty and the new 54 people after all have a certain degree of distinction. His academic research, based on the inheritance of traditional historical textual research, and absorption of new materials and new methods in modern times, with the old and new academic there are deep and even lead the distinction, in the period of the Republic of China in academic circles, also has a typical significance. Further research on Yu Jiaxi's academic thought, to us a more comprehensive understanding of the academic history, has important significance.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K092

【参考文献】