亚里士多德幸福思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 05:41

  本文选题：幸福 + 德性　； 参考：《黑龙江大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：亚里士多德是西方哲学史上第一个对幸福问题进行深入系统研究的人,其《尼各马可伦理学》和《政治学》两部著作,更是被看成是有关人类幸福的实践科学。亚里士多德以灵魂论为基础,从人的理性功能出发,论证了幸福是灵魂的合乎德性的实现活动;并依据潜能和现实理论,指出幸福不仅仅是拥有德性,更重要的是德性的实现活动,而且要持续一生。他把幸福划分为两种,即沉思的幸福与德性的幸福,并认为沉思的幸福是最大的幸福,是最类似于神的幸福,但只有少数人可以达到;而属人的道德德性的幸福是第二好的,但却是大多数人可以实现的幸福。亚里士多德对幸福的探讨,是以属人的幸福为核心,围绕着如何实现道德德性的活动而展开。他认为,德性幸福的获得必须以中道为原则,因为与情感和实践相关的道德德性是一种选择的品质,存在于相对于我们的中道之中。对中道的正确把握,需要具有实践智慧的人。实践智慧是幸福生活的保障,没有实践智慧也就不可能有幸福。亚里士多德又指出,人天生是政治动物,趋于城邦的生活,公民的幸福只有统一于城邦的幸福才可最终实现,从而完成了其幸福理论大厦的构建。亚里士多德的德性幸福论,尽管历经几千年的洗礼,但至今依然具有现实的价值,为解决当代社会道德建设的困境提供了有益的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Aristotle was the first person in the history of western philosophy to make a thorough and systematic study of happiness. His two works, Nigomac Ethics and political Science, are also regarded as practical science of human happiness. Aristotle based on the theory of soul, from the rational function of man, demonstrated that happiness is the realization of virtue of the soul, and according to the theory of potential and reality, he pointed out that happiness is not only the possession of virtue, What is more important is the realization of virtue, and it will last for a lifetime. He divided happiness into two categories, the happiness of contemplation and the happiness of virtue, and thought that the happiness of contemplation was the greatest, the most similar to the happiness of God, but only a few could achieve it; and the happiness of the moral virtue of man was the second best. But it is the happiness that most people can achieve. Aristotle's discussion of happiness is centered on personal happiness and revolves around how to realize moral virtue. He believes that the achievement of virtue happiness must be based on the principle of the middle way, because the moral virtue related to emotion and practice is a quality of choice, which exists in the middle way relative to ours. The correct grasp of the middle way requires people with practical wisdom. Practical wisdom is the guarantee of a happy life, there can be no happiness without practical wisdom. Aristotle also pointed out that man is born a political animal and tends to the life of a city-state, and the citizen's happiness can only be realized by unifying the happiness of a city-state, thus completing the construction of his theoretical edifice of happiness. Aristotle's theory of moral happiness, though after thousands of years of baptism, still has practical value, which provides a useful reference for solving the dilemma of moral construction in contemporary society.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B502.233
，

本文编号：1809460